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Oliguria is a symptom of various causes. Urinating small amounts of urine during the day usually suggests kidney disease, but may also indicate other serious conditions, such as malignant hypertension or heart failure. Check what the oliguria shows.

Oliguria(oliguria) is a symptom of passing too little urine - less than 400/500 ml per day (in adults), while properly excrete more than 2.5 liters of urine per day. In infants, oliguria can be diagnosed when they excrete less than 1 milliliter per kilogram of body weight per hour.

In turn,oliguria in childrenmeans passing half a milliliter of urine per kilogram of body weight per hour. In some cases, oliguria becomesanuria(anuria), i.e. passing less than 100 ml of urine per day.

The amount of urine you pass depends on the amount of fluid you consume during the day. If fluid intake is reduced, it is possible to pass much less urine than usual. However, if you drink fluids in normal amounts, but your oliguria persists, and if you develop symptoms such as loss of appetite, weakness, vomiting, abdominal pain, hematuria, see your doctor.

Prerenal oliguria - causes

Medical terminology distinguishes oliguria of pre-renal, renal and non-renal origin. Prerenal oliguria is the result of disorders in the renal circulation, which contribute to the production of urine levels below the norm.

  • Dehydration - dehydration usually occurs as a result of vomiting, diarrhea, fever or other conditions that prevent fluid replenishment in the body.
  • Heart failure - then oliguria is accompanied by shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, rapid fatigue, rapid or uneven heartbeat and edema.
  • Oligovolemia is a reduction in the amount of blood circulating in the body that may be the result of a hemorrhage or burns.
  • Shock (septic, cardiogenic).

Renal oliguria - causes

Oliguria of renal origin is the result of damage to the structure of the kidneys,that cannot perform their main task of filtering. The most common causes of this type of oliguria are kidney diseases - acute and chronic renal failure, glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis, uremia, hydronephrosis. Then, in addition to oliguria, symptoms such as burning and soreness during urination, dark-colored, bloody urine, swelling around the eyes, swelling of hands, feet, ankles, cloudy urine may appear.

Other possible reasons are:

  • malignant arterial hypertension - elevated diastolic pressure (even 150 mmHg), weakness, mental disorders, symptoms of renal failure appear;
  • sarcoidosis - joint pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, increased body temperature are characteristic;
  • use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors), and gentamicin (one of the antibiotics);
  • toxic substances, radiological contrast agents.
Important

Oliguria and pregnancy. Dangerous pre-eclampsia!

Oliguria in pregnancymay indicate a life-threatening condition of pre-eclampsia (also known as gestosis, i.e. pregnancy poisoning). The main symptoms on the basis of which the diagnosis of gestosis is made are arterial hypertension after the 20th week of pregnancy in women with normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg) and proteinuria. In addition, it may appear, among others oliguria.

The consequence of pre-eclampsia may be pregnancy eclampsia. It can result in premature birth, detachment of the placenta, hypoxia, and even death (perinatal mortality of fetuses and newborns reaches 20 percent). An equally great threat is for the mother-to-be, who can be to kidney failure, heart attack and death (mortality is 5-20 percent).

Non-renal oliguria - causes

Non-renal oliguria is caused by obstructed outflow of urine from the urinary tract, which may be caused by:

  • nephrolithiasis - there is a sudden, sharp and very severe pain in the lumbar region, pressure on the bladder, hematuria, fever, nausea and vomiting;
  • Neurogenic bladder is a bladder that cannot function as a urine reservoir. Then the urine is retained in the bladder and it is impossible to empty the bladder;
  • neoplastic tumors that put pressure on the urinary tract, e.g. bladder cancer - at first painless hematuria appears, then there are symptoms such as the need to urinate frequently and painful,urgent urge to urinate;
  • prostate hyperplasia or cancer - starting urination becomes more difficult, the time it takes to start emptying the bladder is getting longer, haematuria. Sometimes urine retention may occur;
  • schistosomiasis (exotic parasitic disease);
  • postoperative adhesions.

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Category:

Urology and Nephrology