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Haemorrhage means sudden and heavy blood loss. It is a dangerous condition that can cause hypovolemic shock and death. What are the types of hemorrhages? How to recognize them? Which one is the most dangerous?

Haemorrhageis the sudden and profuse loss of blood caused by damage to large blood vessels (arteries or veins). It can occur as a result of an injury or disease, such as tuberculosis or esophageal varices.

Bleeding must be distinguished from hemorrhagebleeding,which is slow blood loss caused by damage to small blood vessels.

Haemorrhages - division according to the place of blood outflow

1. Internal haemorrhage- A type of haemorrhage in which blood flows out of the body cavities without flowing out of the blood vessels. Internal haemorrhage may be a haemorrhage:

  • into the cranial cavity (intracranial) - it can be a subdural, epidural, subarachnoid hematoma, stroke;
  • from the lungs to the bronchi - usually occurs in the course of tuberculosis and lung cancer;
  • to the stomach - is characteristic of esophageal varices, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer;
  • into the peritoneal cavity - usually as a result of damage to the parenchymal organs;
  • intracellular - the most common cause is a blunt trauma, blow;

2. External haemorrhageA type of haemorrhage in which blood is poured out of the body. It most often arises as a result of mechanical damage to body tissues and blood vessels.

3. Mixed haemorrhage- A type of haemorrhage that starts inside the body and flows out of the blood. This group includes, among othersnose bleed.

Important

Haemorrhage may lead to hypovolemic shock

If a patient loses 20 percent of a damaged blood vessel. blood (where a person of average body weight has 5 to 6 liters of blood in them), ahypovolemic shockoccurs, i.e. a shock caused by a reduced volume of blood in the blood vessels. It appears:

  • with pale, cold and damp skin;
  • with a fast beating heart;
  • quick breathing;
  • disturbed consciousness;

Haemorrhage - division according to the type of damaged vessel

1. Arterial haemorrhage

  • blood is bright red because it contains a lot of oxygen;
  • flows out under significant pressure, usually in the form of a pulsating stream;
  • is very hard to learn;
  • is the most dangerous, because it very quickly leads to a hypovolemic shock, and thus - to death;

2. Venous hemorrhage

  • blood is dark cherry in color when it contains a lot of carbon dioxide;
  • flows at a constant slow speed;
  • is easier to control as the low pressure in the veins causes the hemorrhage to be less frequent;
  • the risk of hypovolemic shock is much lower than with arterial haemorrhage, but it is still high;

3. Capillary hemorrhage

  • blood flows from capillaries, which are tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins. Then the outflow of blood is much slower than in arterial or venous hemorrhage, blood "seeps" from the wound
  • is the result of superficial skin damage (then blood soaks through the skin), it also occurs after burns;
  • blood is between dark cherry and light red;
  • usually stops by itself;
  • is the least serious type of hemorrhage;
About the authorMonika Majewska A journalist specializing in he alth issues, especially in the areas of medicine, he alth protection and he althy eating. Author of news, guides, interviews with experts and reports. Participant of the largest Polish National Medical Conference "Polish woman in Europe", organized by the "Journalists for He alth" Association, as well as specialist workshops and seminars for journalists organized by the Association.

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Category:

Cardiology