Anuria means complete retention of urine, no possibility of emptying the bladder. Anuria - regardless of its causes - requires treatment as soon as possible, as it can lead to life-threatening uremia - poisoning the body with metabolic products.

Anuria(anuria) meanstotalurinary retention , complete renal failure to produce urine. Anuria means a reduction in the daily urine output below 100 ml. There is also bloody anuria, i.e. it is blood in the urine (excreted less than 100 ml / day) or the discharge of blood from the urethra.

Anuria (complete urinary retention) - causes. Kidney disease

Anuria - i.e.total urinary retention- may be caused by kidney disease or impairment of their function:

  • inflammatory diseases of the kidneys - pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, etc.
  • systemic vasculitis
  • malignant hypertension
  • sarcoidosis
  • systemic diseases involving the kidneys (systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma)
  • eclampsia and pre-eclampsia (in pregnant women)

Anuria (total urinary retention) - non-renal causes

  • urolithiasis
  • tumors (tumor involvement or pressure on the urinary tract)
  • postoperative adhesions
  • bladder diseases (e.g. neurogenic bladder, bladder cancer)
  • prostate diseases (e.g. benign enlargement, prostate cancer)
  • urethral diseases (e.g. whole foreign body, trauma, plaque)
  • schistosomiasis (parasitic disease)

Anuria (complete urinary retention) - other causes

  • blockage of tubules, e.g. with hemoglobin (as a result of transfusion of incompatible blood) or myoglobin (after muscle crushing)
  • dehydration (caused, for example, by profuse vomiting, diarrhea or extensive burns)
  • high blood loss
  • shock (septic, cardiogenic)
  • complication of obstetric-gynecological surgery - in this case anuria should always lead to the suspicion of iatrogenic ureteral damage

Anuria (complete urinary retention) - diagnosis

The patient with anuria is first interviewed.Then, a biochemical and microscopic urine test is performed - if the patient cannot urinate on his own, it is collected by catheterization. Blood is also tested - the concentration of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ions, inorganic phosphates, chloride, calcium, creatinine and uric acid in the blood serum are determined. A complete blood count is also done. The tests for diagnosing anuria also include: chest X-ray and abdominal cavity scan, ECG, eye fundus examination and ultrasound examination of the kidneys and other abdominal organs. Men also have an examination of the prostate and rectum, and in women - additionally a gynecological examination.

After such a comprehensive examination, the doctor determines the type of anuria - is it:

  • ponerial (caused by cancers of the urinary or genital tract, urolithiasis, pressure on the urinary tract from the outside by neoplastic tumors); prerenal (caused by heart failure)
  • renal (acute, chronic nephritis, renal artery embolism and acute, non-inflammatory renal failure) and starts treatment - usually in a hospital.

Anuria (complete urinary retention) - treatment

Treatment of anuria should be immediate. Most often they are performed in a hospital setting - catheterization is necessary. If there is kidney failure, dialysis or even a kidney transplant is necessary. Urinary failure is life-threatening - the body is poisoned with metabolic products that damaged kidneys cannot cope with.

Category:

Urology and Nephrology