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Consider whether your excess weight is a consequence of living under constant stress. Stress is accompanied by an increased production of norepinephrine, a hormone that increases the uncontrolled appetite for carbohydrates, mainly sweets.
It's not the rumbling in your belly that makes you reach for a bar, bun or sandwich. The hypothalamus, located in the central part of the brain, is responsible for controlling hunger. The satiety center located there regulates the appetite with the help of two compounds acting only in the brain: neuropeptide Y (NPY) - informs about hunger and slows down metabolism, and neuropeptide CART - accelerates metabolism, suppressing appetite. The hypothalamus is the primary command center that works in conjunction with other appetite-managing substances.
An important role is played by:
- cholecystokinin (CCK) - a hormone secreted by the walls of the small intestine under the influence of food, which causes the stomach walls to expand, giving a feeling of fullness;
- insulin - activates the production of leptin in adipose tissue, a hormone that gives a feeling of satiety and inhibits the secretion of NPY, reducing appetite;
- serotonin - a hormone that suppresses the craving for carbohydrates.
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In chronic stress , the mechanisms responsible for the feeling of hunger and satiety are disturbed . The secretion of neuropeptide Y increases and the production of leptin decreases, so we are still hungry. At the same time, lowering the rate of metabolic changes facilitates the accumulation of adipose tissue. Permanent stress increases the concentration of cortisol (a hormone of the adrenal cortex), its excess results in abdominal obesity, the accumulation of fat on the nape and insulin resistance. Stress is accompanied by increased production of norepinephrine, hence the uncontrolled appetite for carbohydrates, mainly sweets. Carbohydrates are involved in the production of serotonin, which improves mood, so we eat our stress with sweet ones.