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Lymphocytes belong to leukocytes or white blood cells. They are cells that are part of the immune system, and their task is to defend the body against pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi. What are the norms of lymphocytes for adults and children? What does the excess and the deficiency of lymphocytes in the blood mean?

Lymphocytesare cells of the immune system that guard he alth. Bothtoo many lymphocytes(lymphocytosis) andtoo few lymphocytes(lymphopenia) indicate that something is wrong in your body. When interpreting the results of the blood test, it should be remembered that the concentration of lymphocytes in the blood is closely related to the age of the examined person.

Lymphocytes in the blood: norms for children and norms for adults

  • children:
    • newborns up to 3 days of age: 1.6-7.4 x 109 / l
    • newborns up to 4 years old: 1.6-6 x 109 / l
    • newborns from 5 to 28 days of age: 2.8-9 x 109 / l
    • infants from 1st to 4th week: 2.9-9.1 x 109 / l
    • 6-month-old infants: 4-13.5 x 109 / l
    • 1. years of age: 4.0-10.5 x 109 / l, 61 percent.
    • 4. years of age: 2.0-8.0 x 109 / l, 50%
    • 6. years of age: 1.5-7.0 x 109 / l, 42%
    • 10. years of age: 1.5-6.5 x 109 / l, 38 percent.
  • 21. years of age: 1.0-4.8 x 109 / l, 20-45 percent
  • adults: 1.0-4.5 x 109 / l, 20-45 percent

Note: laboratories performing tests use different reagents and units, therefore the standards provided may differ (the value given on the test printout is the standard applicable in a given laboratory).

High Lymphocyte Level: Lymphocytosis

Above normal lymphocytesis usually a sign of illness. The reason may be, for example :

  • flu
  • chickenpox
  • tuberculosis
  • piggy
  • rubella
  • brucellosis
  • herpes
  • acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • mononucleosis

The increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood may also be the result of taking certain medications or blood transfusions.

Low lymphocyte count: lymphopenia

When you havelymphocytes below normal , it usually means that your body has attacked, among others :

  • lymphoma
  • bone cancer
  • leukemia

B lymphocytes: blood norm and rolein the body

B (bone marrow-dependent)lymphocytes are formed in the red bone marrow. They are responsible for the production of antibodies that destroy the pathogen that threatens the body (the so-calledhumoral immune response ).

B lymphocytes - division

B lymphocytes are divided into:

  • B1 lymphocytes- are responsible for the production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and cleanse the body after the natural process of cell death
  • B2 lymphocytes- cells that produce antibodies, assisted by helper T lymphocytes in recognizing the threat, B2 lymphocytes have the ability to remember the enemy and spontaneously activate the body's defensive reaction upon repeated contact

The concentration of B lymphocytes in both women and men must not exceed 0.06-0.66 x 109 / l.

Excess B lymphocytesis characteristic of diseases such as:

  • leukemia
  • Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
  • DiGeorge syndrome

a drop in B lymphocyte levels is usually signaled by:

  • infections
  • tuberculosis
  • uremia
  • AIDS
  • radiation syndrome
  • shock team

T lymphocytes: blood norm and role in the body

T (thymic-dependent)lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow, from where they travel to the thymus and then to the peripheral blood and lymphatic organs. T lymphocytes stimulate and produce antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgE), destroy diseased and cancer cells and regulate inflammatory reactions in the body.

The normal concentration of T cellsshould not exceed 1.0-4.5 x 103 or 1.0-4.5 x 109 / L.

Too many T cells can mean :

  • viral hepatitis
  • contagious mononucleosis
  • cytomegaly
  • whooping cough
  • lymphoma
  • multiple myeloma
  • chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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