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Urine testing is very simple and cheap, and gives you a lot of information. Before you see your doctor with your result, see what you can find out from a urinalysis. How to interpret the results of a urine test?
Urinecontains waste that is useless and harmful to the bodyof metabolism . In 96 percent. consists ofwater . The rest are urea, mineral s alts and bile pigments. During the day, a he althy person excretes 600 to 2,500 ml of urine. It depends, inter alia, on the amount of fluids drunk. Even a general examination can help diagnose kidney, liver, urinary tract disease, diabetes and jaundice. The examination should be assessed by the doctor, because the norms depend on many factors, including age, gender or medications taken.
Urine analysis - pH and pH information
» Specific gravity - correct is 1.016-1.022 kg / l. If it is lower, it suggests renal dysfunction, and higher is due to the presence of protein or glucose.» Reaction (PH) - should be slightly acidic (4.6-7.0 pH). Neutral or alkaline reaction occurs in kidney stones or urinary tract infections. A pH above 7 suggests an infection with the mite, a bacterium that causes urinary sepsis that can lead to organ failure.
Urine analysis - this is the most important thing
» Bacteria - evidence of infection of one of the sections of the urinary system: urethra, bladder, renal pelvis or kidneys. »Protein - it may appear at elevated temperature or after significant physical exertion. When it lasts longer, it suggests problems with the urinary system.» Sugar (glucose) - its presence in several subsequent analyzes indicates diabetes. In a diabetic person, it means that the disease is not treated properly.» Ketone bodies - they refer to disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism and poorly treated diabetes. If they appear once, they may be the result of fever, vomiting, starvation.» Urobilinogen - is formed from bilirubin (a pigment of bile produced by the liver) and is excreted in the faeces. Only a small amount of it can appear in the urine. Exceeding the norm may indicate hepatitis or its cirrhosis as wellabout blocking the outflow of bile from the liver and gall bladder.» Creatinine - is a product of protein metabolism. Its normal concentration in men is 60-110 micromol / l, and in women 53-97 micromol / l. When it is different, it proves a deterioration of the excretory function of the kidneys.» Epithelium - the flat and round epithelium from the urinary tract are irrelevant. The presence of others may be a sign of kidney or bladder disease.» Rolls - single rolls may appear after considerable physical effort. If there are more, they suggest kidney damage.» White blood cells (leukocytes, WBC) - their excessive excretion may be related to bacterial urinary tract infection, interstitial nephritis after taking medications (e.g. cephalosporins, sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or chronic circulatory failure.» Red blood cells (erythrocytes, RBC) - even a small amount of them indicates he alth problems: urinary tract diseases, tuberculosis, blood coagulation disorders, circulatory failure, cirrhosis of the liver. Taking anticoagulants (see more on page 12) may also increase the number of red blood cells in the urine. A more detailed examination (the so-called leaching degree) allows you to determine the place where the blood cells come from, i.e. to indicate a diseased organ.» Uric acid - exceeding the norm indicates acute or chronic renal failure, appears after some diuretics, in poisoning with carbon monoxide, lead and in cancer. Uric acid testing is also necessary to confirm or rule out gout, a disease of severe joint pain.» Urea - elevated urea levels indicate a high protein diet, dehydration or kidney failure.
ImportantWhen the doctor orders a daily urine collection
The survey is carried out, inter alia, in order to diagnose kidney disease. Urine should be collected exactly 24 hours - if we start at 7.00 am, we finish the next day at 7.00 am. We discard the first urine in the morning, and pour each next batch into a large, washed jar (without detergents!). After the collection is completed, we mix the urine, collect the sample in a sterile container and deliver it to the laboratory with information about when the collection was started and how much urine was there. Note: during collection, the urine container must be placed in a cool, dark place.
This will be useful to youWhat does the culture say?
Allows the detection and identification of bacteria and yeasts. In the laboratory, urine is applied to a special medium and stored at a temperature close to body temperature. It allows you to developcolonies of bacteria or fungi. The size, shape and color of the colony are indicative of what bacteria we are dealing with.
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