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It's worth having your urine tested at least once a year. The result of a general urine test will allow you to evaluate not only the functioning of the urinary system, but also many other organs. How do I prepare for a urine test and what exactly is it tested for? How to interpret the results?
Urine testis simple, but it gives the doctor a lot of information about your he alth.Urineyou bring in a special sterile container for analysis (to purchased at a pharmacy). In order to avoid contamination, urine - preferably in the morning - must be returned after thorough washing, with the so-called middle stream. The sample should be delivered totestingwithin 4 hours.
Urinalysis - what is tested
- Color - urochrome, a urine dye, gives a yellow color of various shades. The color change depends, among others, on on diet, taken medications. The red color does not have to mean the blood content, but substances secreted in excess by the body. Brown is caused by e.g. bilirubin and phenol compounds (due to poisoning with this substance), black one may suggest the presence of melanin.
- Transparency - should be transparent or slightly opalescent. Cloudiness may mean the presence of red blood cells (e.g. inflammation, bladder cancer), leukocytes and bacteria (also indicating inflammation and s alts, e.g. uric acid, epithelium and fat).
- Specific gravity - the norm is 1018-1030 g / l. Above normal - with large amounts of protein, glucose or metabolites of various drugs. Reduced density may indicate diseases - e.g. diabetes insipidus or chronic renal failure.
- pH - The average correct value is 6. People who eat large amounts of meat have less. Alkaline urine (over 6) - people on a vegetarian or dairy diet. It can also mean elevated potassium levels, chronic renal failure or hyperparathyroidism, and also when urine is kept at room temperature for too long. A pH below 5 can indicate dehydration or a fever.
- Urobilinogen - "+" is the correct result, "+++" means jaundice, and no this substance - cholestasis (cholestasis in pregnant women).
Undesirable substances in urine
- Protein - its presence requires extended diagnostics.
- Glucose -indicates diabetes.
- Bilirubin - may be associated with liver diseases: cirrhosis, viral inflammation or metastatic cancer.
- Sludge - may contain individual leukocytes, erythrocytes and epithelia, as well as a small amount of minerals. There should be no bacteria or rolls, e.g. glassy, cellular or granular.
If the analysis shows any irregularities, you must repeat the test. If the result is confirmed, the internist will order you further tests.
Undesirable substances in urine
- Protein - its presence requires extended diagnostics.
- Glucose - indicates diabetes.
- Bilirubin - may be associated with liver diseases: cirrhosis, viral inflammation or metastatic cancer.
- Sludge - may contain individual leukocytes, erythrocytes and epithelia, as well as a small amount of minerals. There should be no bacteria or rolls, e.g. glassy, cellular or granular.
If the analysis shows any irregularities, you must repeat the test. If the result is confirmed, the internist will order you further tests.
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