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Jiu-jitsu (jujutsu) is a traditional Japanese martial art or a method of hand-to-hand combat. However, it is acceptable to use a small weapon. The Japanese term jiu-jitsu means "art of submission", "art of gentleness, softness", which reflects the etiquette of jiu-jitsu. Jiu-jitsu has secured itself the status of the art of war. It is used both in attack and in defense. It is a martial art that meets the requirements of beauty, aesthetics and harmony. Judo is derived from jiu-jitsu.
Jiu-jitsu( jujutsu ) is a martial art practice that has been developing for around 3,000 years. Other martial arts drew from his heritage, including judo (meaning "the gentle way") and aikido ("way of mind and spirit"). Jiu-jitsu techniques also appear in some styles of karate, especially kempo.
Jiu-jitsu originated in feudal Japan. To this day, it is incredibly steeped in Japanese culture, due to the rules of courtesy adopted during combat. People practicing this sport require, above all, respect for the opponent and other people, in particular for the elderly and those of higher rank. Fighting problems is the last resort. Jiu-jitsu puts a lot of emphasis on mental development, which is why in combat he uses dexterity and technique instead of physical strength and brutality.
Contents:
- jiu-jitsu history
- Jiu-jitsu techniques
- Variations of jiu-jitsu
- Belts in jiu-jitsu
jiu-jitsu history
According to tradition, jujutsu was the most important martial art of samurai. The rise of Japanese jiu-jitsu is associated with the formation of the samurai caste, i.e. ancient Japanese knights, which we now associate only with sword fights. However, the samurai, when they were no longer able to cope with the opponent using a sword, switched to hand-to-hand combat. Hand-to-hand combat was as much a weapon for them as the sword. Warriors were trained from an early age to learn the techniques of leverage and breaking bones. In ancient times, the goal of combat was to kill an enemy, which is why knights valued the skill of unarmed combat as much, or even more, than with its use.
At the beginning of the 17th century, after the end of civil wars, the idea of fighting killing ceased to existneed due to the lack of a potential opponent. At that time, therefore, the importance of various weaponless combat systems grew.
In the 19th century, jiu-jitsu developed in many schools. About 700 schools were established in which the secrets of this martial art were taught. These schools continued to emphasize defeating the enemy, but the goal was not to kill him, but to neutralize him. In addition, these schools taught self-defense, dispute resolution skills, and over time began to convey philosophical thoughts. With time, more and more emphasis was put on the art of self-defense, which became the slogan of jiu-jitsu: "yield to win."
At the end of the 19th century, news from the West began to attract more attention of the population. The samurai tradition began to die in favor of theater and rugby. Jiu-jitsu techniques began to undergo modernization, as a result of which, among others, judo, karate and aikido.
See also: Boxing training at home - exercises for beginners
Jujutsu didn't die out though. It still had followers who learned this martial art in schools. The masters diversified and modernized some techniques, deviating from samurai, sometimes even dangerous tricks. Thanks to this, jiu-jitsu has become a well-thought-out combination of the three arts: judo, karate and aikido. It has become a beautiful sports discipline that is nowadays practiced by its fans. Jiu-jitsu has gained popularity not only in Japan but all over the world.
Jiu-jitsu techniques
Jiu-jitsu is not a display of muscle strength and brutal combat. In jujutsu, what matters most is agility, speed and efficiency of movements.
The techniques of jiu-jitsu include choking ( shime ). They belong to one of the incapacitating techniques. They are popular in many martial arts. They consist in blocking the flow of oxygen to the brain due to pressure on the respiratory organs or blood vessels of the opponent.
There are also throws ( nage ), levers ( kansetsu ), i.e. transport grips, blocking blows. Jiu-jitsu techniques also include quick counterattacks aimed at sensitive points of the body.
Worth knowingIn addition to fighting techniques, jiu-jitsu also uses the power of the mind and psychic strength. Each training takes place in conditions of increased concentration. Therefore, meditation, breathing and relaxation exercises play an extremely important role in jiu-jitsu training. They are designed to develop a spiritual strength, calledki(orchi ).
Variations of jiu-jitsu
Today, jujutsu is used not only in Japanese martial arts schools. Added to jiu-jitsu techniques tootechniques of other martial arts to suit the needs of a specific social group. Currently, jiu-jitsu is used as a self-defense training in the police and other law enforcement services, as a continuation of the tradition with a view to preparing the player for the modern requirements of this sport and for teaching self-defense to people who do not practice this sport professionally, e.g. women or children.
Contemporary varieties of ju jitsu include:
- Brazilian jiu-jitsu
- Combat
- Francombat
- Goshin ryu Jiu jitsu
- Jiu-Go ryu Jiu Jitsu
- Jukado
- Kempo Tai Jutsu
- Shinyo Shinden-ryu yawara
- Shizoku-Ryu Jiu-Jits
Jiu-jitsu is a sport whose technique does not limit anyone in terms of weight, height, limb length or age. The aim is to make this martial art available not only to adults, but also to children. Each new jiu-jitsu adept is able to learn self-defense techniques and ways of causing or not causing pain to the opponent.
Belts in jiu-jitsu
In jujutsu there is a division into belts due to degrees. There are student degrees ( Kyu ) and master degrees ( Dan ).
Student ranks:
Without degree -mukyu
10 -jikkyu / jukkyu
9 -kyukyu
8 -hakkyu / hachikyu
7 -nanakyu
6 -rokkyu- white stripe
5 -gokkyu- white or yellow stripe
4 -yonkyu- white or orange stripe
3 -sankyu- white or green stripe
2 -nikyu- white or blue stripe
1 -ikkyu- brown belt
Master's ranks:
1shodan- black belt
2nidan- black belt
3sandan- black belt
4yondan- black belt
5godan- black belt - renshi
6rokudan- black or white and red belt - renshi - shihan
7shichidan / nanadan- black or white / red stripe - kyoshi
8hachidan- black or white and red belt - hanshi
9kudan- black or red belt - hanshi
10jūdan- black or red belt - hanshi