Electrolytes - electrolyte testing (ionogram). Standards and test results

• Electrolytes - electrolyte test (ionogram) - indications
• Electrolytes - electrolyte test (ionogram) - results and their interpretation

Electrolytes are necessary for the proper functioning of the body. An electrolyte test, i.e. an ionogram, is performed when there is a suspicion of a disturbance in its functioning, and specifically when there is a suspicion of a disturbance in the body's water and electrolyte balance. The indications for an electrolyte test include symptoms such as irregular blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances and edema. Find out what the electrolyte level test is about.

Testlevelelectrolytes(orionogram ) is a test of the level of elements in the blood, such as such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and phosphate ions. Electrolytes play very important roles in the body. Both their deficiency and excess can have dangerous he alth effects.

Electrolytes - electrolyte test (ionogram) - indications

Electrolyte level testingmay be performed in the event of symptoms such as abnormal blood pressure, swelling of the lower limbs or arrhythmias, weakness as they suggest electrolyte imbalance.

Ionogramis commonly used in evaluating the treatment of diseases such as high blood pressure, kidney or liver disease. It is also performed in patients whose medications may cause electrolyte imbalance.

Important

Electrolytes - electrolyte testing (ionogram) - standards

• sodium (Na +): 136-145 mmol / l
• potassium (K +): 3.5-5.1 mmol / l
• chlorides (Cl-): 95-105 mmol / l
• calcium (Ca2 +): 2.1-2.6 mmol / l (8.5-10.5 mg / dl)
• magnesium (Mg2 +): 0.8-1.0 mmol / l
• phosphates: 0.81-1.62 mmol / l in adults and 1.3-2.26 mmol / l in children

Electrolytes - electrolyte test (ionogram) - results and their interpretation

	Sodium	Potassium	Calcium
Below standards	kidney failure heart failure cirrhosis of the liver burns vomiting, diarrhea diuretics SIADH syndrome, i.e. excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone	diarrhea, vomiting extensive burns anorexiaor malnutrition kidney disease adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) congenital adrenal hyperplasia Cushing's syndrome	impaired calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. due to vitamin D deficiency or intestinal diseases) insufficient supply of calcium with foods acute pancreatitis kidney disease
Above Normal	chronic diarrhea fever wet sweats diabetes insipidus diabetes	kidney disease aldosterone deficiency (e.g. as a result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia or Addison's disease) insulin deficiency	primary hyperparathyroidism some cancers, e.g. lung cancer, breast cancer vitamin D or A poisoning hyperthyroidism long-term immobilization use of certain medications, e.g. diuretics

	Magnesium	Phosphates	Chlorki
Below standards	pancreatitis kidney disease hyperaldosteronism (adrenal gland disease) alcoholism hyperparathyroidism vitamin D overdose	malnutrition alcoholism severe burns hypothyroidism	congestive heart failure Addison's disease (aldosterone levels too low) emphysema - through respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis
Above Normal	overabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract (in intestinal inflammation) adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) hyperparathyroidism	kidney failure liver disease hypoparathyroidism	dehydration kidney disease Cushing's syndrome