Rectoscopy is an examination involving the endoscopy of the anal canal and rectum. During rectoscopy, you can also see the final segment of the large intestine - the sigmoid colon. Rectoscopy examination - see how and how to prepare for it.

Rectoscopyis a test that allows you to assess the morphological condition of the mucosa of the studied section of the large intestine and to explain inflammatory, ulcer or neoplastic changes.

What is rectoscopy

During rectoscopy it is possible to collect material for histopathological and bacteriological examination. It is also possible to remove polyps, foreign bodies and stop bleeding. The examination is performed using a rectoscope - a rigid speculum with a length of 20 to 30 cm and a diameter of 2 cm. During the examination, the so-called cold light with optical fibers.

Indications for rectoscopy

The indications for rectoscopy are:

  • pains in the area of ​​the anus, abdomen;
  • change of bowel movements or the shape of the stool (band-shaped, pencil-shaped stool), futile pressure on the stool or involuntary passing of stools;
  • rectal bleeding (also known as latent bleeding - blood in the stool is found only in a laboratory test and is not visible to the naked eye);
  • tumors in the anus;
  • oozing discharge from the anus;
  • unexplained anal itching;
  • other (colonoscopy to collect sections of the mucosa in order to confirm the existence of certain disease processes, e.g. amyloidosis).

Rectoscopy examination: how to prepare

Preparation for rectoscopy step by step:

  • on the eve of the rectoscopy, late in the evening a rectal enema should be made, e.g. RECTANAL, ENEMA (over-the-counter preparations);
  • on the day of the examination, 3 hours before its start, the rectal enema should be repeated, e.g. RECTANAL, ENEMA;
  • you can drink liquids on the day of the test.

Rectoscopy: the course of the examination

Before the rectoscopy, put on protective clothing and lie down on the test bed, assuming the knee-elbow position withknees apart. In seriously ill patients or with changes in the musculoskeletal system (the sigmoid colon is straightened then), when it is not possible to assume the above-mentioned position, the examination is performed in the left-lateral Sims position (the patient has contracted thighs, buttocks are slightly extended beyond the edge of the table, the torso slightly twisted so that the belly is facing the table). The rectoscopy examination begins with the doctor examining the area of ​​the anus (the doctor checks for fistulas, hemorrhoids, abscesses) and per rectal examination (finger examination through the anus). Then, the examiner inserts the tip of the rectoscope, smeared with anesthetic gel, to a depth of about 5 cm without visual inspection of the rectum. Only then, after removing the obturator (gently tipped plug) from the rectoscope, which allows its shape to lightly insert the device through the anal sphincter zone, conducts further observations.

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