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Testicles are a symbol of masculinity. It can be so important that after the surgery to remove one of them, many men choose a prosthesis solely for cosmetic reasons. The most common testicular diseases are: testicular torsion, varicocele, testicular inflammation and testicular cancer.
Without these two tiny sex glands located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum, there would be no life. The testicles are a working sperm factory at full speed. But the testicles also get sick, like all other organs. Sometesticular diseasesare associated with a hormonal imbalance. Then you need to seek help from an andrologist. There are also many diseases resulting from congenital or acquired defects in the structure of the genitals, and many of these diseases affect young boys, adolescents and young men under the age of 35. It is definitely worth being able to recognize them, if only because if they are not treated, it can lead to infertility, and some of the diseases, such astesticular cancer , can even be life-threatening.
Testicular diseases: testicular torsion
Between the ages of 14 and 18, when a young person is having a bloom and, for example, strenuously practicing some sport or cycling a lot, he may contracttesticular twist . It is actually a sharp twist of the spermatic cord with the rotation of the testicle around its axis. Then there is a sudden, very severe pain (often at night) with rapidly increasing swelling of the contents of the scrotum. These symptoms are accompanied by nausea and vomiting. As soon as such ailments appear, you must go to the emergency room at the hospital as soon as possible. The doctor should surgically unscrew the testicle within 4-6 hours, because twisting the cord leads to a break in blood circulation, which may result in a testicular infarction. Then it is no longer salvageable and must be amputated. It is true that the loss of one testicle does not threaten fertility, but many men are very emotional about the procedure and treat amputation as "diminishing their own masculinity." They may decide to implant a Teflon testicle prosthesis after some time.
Diseases of the testicles: varicocele
The cause of infertility are varicose veins of the spermatic cord, resulting from defects in the venous valves. The cord has numerous vessels that carry blood away from the testicle. If theirthe valves are not working properly, it leads to stagnation of blood and varicose veins. The slow drainage of blood causes the temperature in the scrotum to rise. Overheating of the testicles causes changes in the composition of the sperm and hormonal disorders. The varicose veins are not too bothersome. You feel the testicle's gravity, and you feel the pulling pains in your groin. The doctor recognizes the disease by examining the testicles by touch or by ordering an ultrasound. Varicose veins come in all sizes: from small, hardly felt, to as large as a bunch of grapes. The only effective method of getting rid of them is surgery (classic or laparoscopic).
ImportantThe testes are in the scrotum outside the abdomen because they are damaged by pressure fluctuations and high temperature. Overheating may lead to hormonal disorders and changes in the composition of the sperm, which may lead to infertility. There are about 200 lobules in the testicle parenchyma. Each of them produces sperm that travels to the epididymis, where they mature and prepare to travel further through the vas deferens and urethra. The second task of the testes is the production of male hormones - androgens. One of the most important is testosterone, which is already produced in the fetal period. It has a great influence on the formation and development of the testicles, scrotum, penis, vas deferens, as well as on the structure of a man, the color of his voice, hair and "typically male" behavior.
Diseases of the testicles: inflammation of the testicle
Testicular inflammation is rare (inflammation of the epididymis is more common), but it is very painful. It is accompanied by swelling of the testicles and high fever reaching up to 40 ° C. Infection can occur when the bacteria or viruses reach the testicle with blood from another site of inflammation in the body. The second route is through the vas deferens, usually caused by urinary tract infections. Usually, the epididymis is attacked first, then the testicle, until its hydrocele can form (the contents of the scrotum are enlarged by the accumulation of serous fluid). In young men, a complication of mumps, a viral disease, is a common cause of testicular inflammation. The symptoms are like a bacterial infection, but you don't need to take antibiotics. After a few days, the inflammation will pass by itself. In contrast, acute bacterial orchitis is treated with antibiotics. This is necessary to avoid an abscess, which sometimes requires surgical intervention.
Testicular diseases: when one grows, it could be cancer
Testicular enlargement is usually the first and often the only symptom of cancer. Men tend to disregard this symptom because it is not accompanied by pain. The testicle first becomes small and hard, and then begins to grow rapidly. It can be bouncy and smooth or lumpy lumpy. It may also increase only slightly. It usually isdisproportionately heavy for its size. In this case, it is best to see a urologist immediately. An experienced doctor will most likely recognize the neoplasm by touch. The ultrasound result confirms the initial diagnosis. Biopsy is not performed, i.e. testicular puncture and collection of cells for examination, as this could spread the disease. The only way to treat cancer is to excise the testicle. During the operation, the tumor tissue is analyzed to determine the degree of its malignancy. The result of this study is determined, among others, by about whether the lymph nodes are also removed and whether the patient is additionally referred for chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery, or for both therapies at the same time. Until 20 years ago, testicular cancer was a death sentence. Currently - especially early detected - it is in over 90 percent. curable. Testicular cancer affects mainly young people between 15 and 35 years of age. Each, even a small, change in the appearance of the gland should prompt them to see a doctor.