Liver diet - menu and rules. What to eat and what to avoid?

• Liver diet - general rules
• Liver diet - what can you eat and what not? Table 1
• Liver diet - stages of the liver diet
• Learn about the structure of the liver
• Liver diet - products recommended and contraindicated. Table 2
• Liver diet - menu in the liver diet

The liver diet is a diet whose menu should contain easily digestible products with a small amount of fat. The liver diet is used in the prevention and supportive treatment of various liver diseases. Find out what the diet should be for liver problems. What are the rules of the liver diet? What can you eat? Which products are indicated and contraindicated?

Liver dietis a diet whosemenuand its recipes are modified depending on the patient's condition and liver efficiency, and not to the disease entity. However, it is always a variation of an easily digestible diet with reduced fat. It is this model of nutritional management that is most often used by patients.

There are, however, also other stages of the hepatic diet, used in the case of deterioration or improvement of the patient's condition. In nutritional treatment of liver disease, it is very important to monitor the patient's well-being and modify the diet. Proper nutritional management and a well-composed menu are responsible for the maintenance of the liver's efficiency, and also allow for faster recovery and maintenance of the organ's efficiency in chronic diseases. Therefore, a liver diet is recommended alongside pharmacological treatment.

Contents:

1. Liver diet - general rules
2. Liver diet - what can you eat and what not?
3. Liver diet - stages of the liver diet
4. Liver diet - products recommended, contraindicated
5. Liver diet - menu in the liver diet

Liver diet - general rules

In the liver diet, it is recommended to eat 5-6 smaller meals instead of 3 large ones. This relieves the liver and slows down the pace of its work. Meals should be eaten at regular intervals, every 2-3 hours. Breakfast should be eaten within an hour after waking up, and dinner 2-3 hours before going to bed.

It is recommended to drink mineral water and weak infusions of tea without sugar in the amount of 1.5 liters of fluid a day. Drinks should be taken between meals. You shouldn't drink it while eating.

Meals should be freshly prepared, preferably on the same day. It is not recommended to eat dishes that have been reheated and stored in the refrigerator for a long time. The following dishes should be excluded:

• fried, especially indeep fat and breadcrumbs
• odsmażane
• stewed in heavy sauces

Important dietary components are methionine, choline, vitamins B2, C and E. They reduce the deposition of lipids in the liver, reduce fatty tissue and accelerate organ cleansing.

Soups and decoctions on bones and fatty meat, as well as an addition to the dishes of egg yolks, mayonnaise and cream are not recommended. It is best to completely exclude highly processed foods that contain preservatives and other additives, e.g. ready meals, shop sweets.

Recommended culinary techniques are:

• steam and water cooking
• baking in foil or parchment
• stewing without adding fat and without browning it first

Chew all the food thoroughly, eat slowly, without haste, avoid stress while eating. Rapid swallowing of large bites should be avoided as it hinders digestion. Food and drinks should be at the right temperature - not very hot or very cold.

High-quality fats, e.g. olive oil, linseed oil, butter, should be added raw to ready-made meals in the amount depending on the type of liver diet used.

It is recommended to use spices supporting the work of the liver, which have a choleretic effect and relax the bile ducts, e.g.

• thyme
• marjoram
• caraway seeds
• mint
• oregano
• juniper

Allowed vegetables should be in a minimum of 3 meals a day, and fruit in a maximum of 2 meals. Fruit should not be eaten in the last meal. The amount of fiber in the diet depends on the individual tolerance of the patient.

It is recommended to eat 2-3 servings of lean unsweetened dairy products daily. You should eat 3 portions of fish a week and significantly reduce the consumption of fatty meat, fatty meats and smoked meat products.

Sweets must not be eaten more often than 1-2 times a week in a small portion. S alt should be limited. Alcohol is strictly forbidden. From the liver diet it is necessary to exclude:

• strong coffee
• cigarettes
• difficult to digest food
• flatulent foods
• spicy food

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Liver diet - what can you eat and what not? Table 1

PRODUCT GROUP	RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS	PRODUCTS RECOMMENDED IN MODERATE QUANTITIES	COUNTER-INDICATED PRODUCTS
Grain products	wheat flour, potato flour pastaeggless white rice groats: semolina, krakowska, barley, millet oat flakes, wheat flakes, corn flakes wheat bread, well done mixed bread Kaiser rolls toasts rusks corn crisps	buckwheat brown rice rye flakes graham and wholemeal bread	wheat bran wheat germ puff pastry butter buns confectionery wholemeal bread rye bread wholemeal wheat bread with soybeans and sunflower seeds bran bread
Milk and dairy products	skim milk up to 2% fat lean natural yogurt buttermilk kefir acidophilus milk curdled milk		fatty milk and dairy products (over 2%) condensed milk yellow cheeses blue cheeses processed cheese fat curd cheeses "Fromage" and "Feta" cheeses
Eggs and egg dishes	egg white scrambled eggs from egg whites egg white omelette	steamed scrambled eggs soft-boiled eggs	egg yolk hard-boiled eggs fried eggs scrambled eggs with lard, butter, bacon and pork fat
Isosa soups and soup additives	lean chicken broth without skin soups with vegetable stock, seasoned with milk or natural yoghurt sauces on vegetable and poultry stocks (without skin) vegetable, potato, grated fruit soup, barley soup soups seasoned with a suspension of flour and milk milk soup mild sauces: vegetable, fruit, thickened with a suspension of flour and milk, milk sauces on skimmed milk Side dishes, such as bread rolls, croutons, semolina and barley, white rice, potatoes, egg-based dough, egg-free noodles	puff pastry without yolks	fat essential broth soups based on bone, mushroom and meat broths, seasoned with cream, fried, spicy soups: pea, bean, mushroom, cabbage soup, cucumber soup mayonnaise, cream and fatty meat stock sauces broths drawn with yolk hot sauces: horseradish, mustard, Greek saucecream Additions to soups, such as French noodles, laid, whole egg puff pastry, thick noodles, noodles
Meat and cold cuts, poultry	veal lamb skinless turkey and chicken meat game horse rabbit meat poultry meats ham without fat excess lean cold roast veal and poultry in jelly	lean pork (ham, sirloin, pork loin) lean beef (sirloin)	fatty pork (pork neck, knuckle) mutton fatty beef meat duck and goose meat heavily cured meat hearts, brains, liver, poultry skins, tongues finely ground meats liver sausage, black pudding, head cheese, salami, sausages, luncheon meat canned meat flaki kiszka
Fish and seafood	cod, pollock, flounder sole, pike, tench stream trout pike perch, hake, roach crayfish, white halibut, flatfish	young carp bream crimson	rainbow trout, sardine herring, mackerel, salmon eel, canned fish in oil prawns, clams, crabs caviar, catfish, fatty carp tołpyga, blue halibut pickling
Drinks	still mineral water fruit and herbal teas black tea (weak brew) grain coffee diluted fruit and vegetable juices milkshakes fruit and vegetable juices milk and fruit drinks	weak coffee	strong coffee beans sparkling water carbonated drinks alcohol cocoa liquid chocolate strong tea

Liver diet - stages of the liver diet

• In severe liver failure - low-fat and low-protein diet

In states of liver failure, a low-protein and low-fat diet is used. Its purpose is to reduce the production of products of protein metabolism that are toxic to the body and to protect the affected organ. At the same time, you should provide the right amount of energy and nutrients.

For example, in a diet of 2000 kcal shouldyou will find 20-40 g of protein, 20-25 g of fat and 400 g of carbohydrates. The protein provided should be 75% animal source and spread over 3 meals. Carbohydrates are mainly served as grain products made from refined flour. Dishes should only be cooked. It is forbidden to eat cold dishes. Fruits and vegetables are served only cooked, crushed and grated.

• In various diseases of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts - an easily digestible diet with reduced fat

This type of diet is used after abdominal surgery and in liver disease without severe organ failure. The diet limits the amount of fiber, and most of all the amount of fat, to 40-50 g per day.

Fat reduction is necessary in the case of bile stasis and inhibition of bile secretion, disturbed secretion of digestive enzymes and exacerbation of chronic hepatitis.

The most common liver diseases include: hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, toxic liver damage and liver cancer.

Protein is taken within the physiological norm or slightly increases its amount. Its consumption is assumed at the level of 1 - 1.2 g / kg body weight, and at least 0.8 g / kg bw …

Carbohydrates cover most of the patient's energy supply. In the 2000 kcal diet, fats constitute 45-50 g, proteins 70-90 g, and carbohydrates 300-350 g. You should follow all the recommendations of the liver diet and do not consume contraindicated products.

• In chronic liver diseases during the compensation period - a normotensive diet with limited fiber

When the chronic liver disease is without complications, the nutrition is similar to the basic one. However, you should always keep in mind the recommended culinary techniques in the liver diet and do not eat products that cause digestive discomfort.

Depending on the patient's individual tolerance, fiber is limited. The aim of the diet is to compensate for nutritional deficiencies caused by the disease and to regenerate the damaged liver. Hence, it is recommended to increase the amount of protein consumed.

Protein should be supplied in the amount of 1-1.2 g / kg body weight, and in the case of malnourished people - up to 1.6 g / kg body weight. More than half of the protein consumed should come from animal sources

Learn about the structure of the liver

See gallery 4 photos

It is recommended to consume fats in the amount of 1 g / kg of body weight. Its excessive limitation in the compensation of the disease is notnecessary.

Carbohydrates supplement the body's energy needs. They should come mainly from cereals and their products, and much less from sugar, fruit juices, jams and marmalades. A 2000 kcal diet should contain 90 g of protein, 70 g of fat and 250 g of carbohydrates.

Liver diet - products recommended and contraindicated. Table 2

PRODUCT GROUP	RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS	PRODUCTS RECOMMENDED IN MODERATE QUANTITIES	COUNTER-INDICATED PRODUCTS
Flour and groats dishes	groats puddings (barley, semolina, krakowska, corn) lazy dumplings made of lean cottage cheese	boiled potato dumplings dumplings with fruit, with lean cottage cheese, with lean meat pancakes fried without fat in a Teflon pan	pancakes fried in fat with meat donuts faworki pancakes crumble crackers fingers dumplings
Fat	vegetable cup margarines yoghurt cream 9% oils: rapeseed, soybean, corn, grape seed, wheat germ oils olive oil (cold)	butter sunflower oil (cold)	lard lard bacon tallow clarified butter dewlap hard margarines cream over 10%
Vegetables and mushrooms	beetroots, cucumbers peeled tomatoes green, iceberg lettuce broccoli, cauliflower celery, parsley zucchini, eggplant young asparagus pumpkin, squashes potatoes (boiled, baked, fat-free puree)	sauerkraut green beans spinach rhubarb carrot	onion, garlic, leek white, red, Italian cabbage (especially in combination with meat and onions) peas, beans, soybeans and other pulses mushrooms, radish, turnips kohlrabi, green peas pickled and s alted vegetables fried potatoes potato dishes: french fries, potato pancakes, crisps
Fruit and fruit preserves	apples (fresh, peeled, baked, cooked) bananas, oranges tangerines, grapefruits strawberries, raspberries blackberries, peaches more fruit complexes with with a little sugar lemon juice	marmalades and low-sugar jams kiwi melon cherries	plums, cherries gooseberries, currants avocado, grapes, pears, dates figs, watermelon unripe fruit, spoiled pickled fruit compotes and high-sugar jams
Nuts and seeds	defatted ground flaxseed		sunflower seeds pumpkin seeds sesame seeds linseed in grains non-fat all nuts
Sugar and sweets	honey yeast dough, sponge cake, fruit jelly, jelly skim milk pudding sorbets, mousses and fruit purees compotes soufflés	cheesecake on lean curd cookies with little fat and eggs	cakes, puffs, cheesecake cream ice cream, whipped cream fatty cakes, desserts with stimulants chocolate, candy bars, halva sweets containing cocoa and nuts
Spices	anise, vanilla cloves, cinnamon juniper berries oregano, parsley citric acid watercress, lemon balm marjoram, dill	s alt tomato puree ketchup nutmeg bay leaf allspice With individual tolerance, small amounts of garlic, onion, ground sweet pepper and herb pepper	natural pepper hot pepper chilli curry vinegar mustard mustard

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Author: Time S.A

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Liver diet - menu in the liver diet

Day I

• Breakfast

Bunwheat bread thinly with butter, lean poultry meat and cottage cheese, lettuce and peeled tomato

• 2nd breakfast

Banana and milk smoothie 2%

• Lunch

Boiled turkey breast meatballs with dill, boiled millet, boiled broccoli topped with a teaspoon of olive oil

• Afternoon tea

Cottage cheese with tomato, peeled

• Dinner

Pasta salad with stewed zucchini and paprika, boiled chicken breast, a teaspoon of olive oil

Day II

• Breakfast

Omelette made of egg whites and wheat flour prepared without fat in a Teflon pan with 1 tablespoon of strawberry jam 100% fruit

• 2nd breakfast

Wheat bread sandwiches thinly with butter and cottage cheese, lean poultry meat, lettuce, peeled tomato

• Lunch

Roasted chicken thighs without skin, Boiled white rice, Boiled grated beetroots

• Afternoon tea

Instant cereal, grated apple and dried cranberry with natural yoghurt

• Dinner

Pumpkin cream soup cooked in vegetable stock, served with wheat baguette croutons

Day III

• Breakfast

Rice flakes boiled in milk with honey and a handful of raspberries

• 2nd breakfast

Wheat roll thinly spread with butter with poultry sausage, lettuce, cucumber without skin. One-day carrot juice

• Lunch

Cod baked in foil with dill, Boiled potatoes, Boiled cauliflower topped with a teaspoon of melted butter

• Afternoon tea

Yeast cake with a teaspoon of butter and a tablespoon of strawberry jam 100% fruit, A glass of buttermilk

• Dinner

Stewed spinach in a Teflon pan with boiled millet, dried tomatoes to taste, whitened with natural yoghurt