MODY diabetes is a type of diabetes, the diagnosis of which is not easy - detailed diagnostics is needed. MODY diabetes is initially misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, it turns out over time that the course of diabetes is not typical of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Then, genetic tests should be performed that allow for a final diagnosis, and thus - the implementation of appropriate treatment. Check how to recognize the symptoms of Diabetes mellitus type MODY.

MODY Diabetes(Maturity Onset Diabetes of Youth) is type 2 diabetes that usually affects young (10-30 years old) and lean people.

Currently, two types of diabetes are best known - 1 and 2. However, many other types of diabetes are distinguished among them. And so, from the group of patients with type 2 diabetes, there are patients with the so-called monogenic diabetes, i.e. diabetes associated with a defect of a single gene (the disease depends on the defect of only one specific gene, not many genes). In turn, the group of monogenic diabetes includes:

FASHION is considered to constitute 2-5% of all cases of diabetes.

  • Diabetes FASHION
  • mitochondrial diabetes (type 2 diabetes inherited from the mother)
  • neonatal diabetes

The most common monogenic diabetes is MODY diabetes. At present, there are 11 subtypes of MODA, which differ in terms of the period of symptom manifestation and their intensity, as well as recommended treatment. The most common subtype isDiabetes MODY 2 .

FASHION type diabetes - causes

MODY diabetes is the result of mutations of single genes that code for insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. As a result of a genetic defect, insulin secretion is impaired, and then diabetes develops.

MODY diabetes is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It occurs in the family in several successive generations, equally often in both sexes, and is passed on to its offspring by both men and women.

Worth knowing

DiabetesMODYand diabetestype 1

Diabetes mellitus type MODY is a disease associated with a gene mutation, while type 1 diabetes is autoimmune (when our own immune system attacks us). Accordingly, in the blooda person with MODY diabetes lacks antibodies against pancreatic beta cells (which is characteristic of type 1 diabetes). Moreover, MODY diabetes runs in families (type 1 diabetes is rare).

FASHION type diabetes - symptoms

MODY diabetes may be symptomatic of type 2 diabetes, but its course is much milder. Characteristic for MODY diabetes is the presence of non-pancreatic manifestations of the disease. These are, for example, malformations of the kidneys and uterus. Therefore, diabetes in several generations in the family, agenesis (absence) or cystic kidney disease, uterine bipedal in women or glycosuria (presence of sugar in the urine) of an inadequate intensity in relation to the level of glycaemia should lead to the suspicion of MODY diabetes. ²

Important

MODY Diabetes - Characteristic Features

  • develops between the ages of 10 and 30
  • occurs in families in subsequent generations
  • no obesity, no hypertension
  • mild
  • no ketoacidosis at diagnosis
  • endogenous (own) insulin secretion preserved
  • can be treated with diet or oral medications (often does not require insulin)

MODY diabetes mellitus - diagnosis

Testing for fasting blood sugar, percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin, oral glucose loading test, and testing for pancreatic beta-cell antibodies.

Patients who do not have type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus should undergo molecular testing as they may have MODY diabetes.

Final diagnosis is made on the basis of a genetic test. Such a test can only be performed in specialized diabetes centers in Poland. They are located in Kraków (Department and Clinics of Metabolic Diseases of the Jagiellonian University Medical College), Łódź (in the Laboratory of Immunopathology and Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, 1st Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Łódź) and Katowice.

Such a test should be performed mainly by patients whose diabetes course is not typical of type 1 or type 2 of this disease, people diagnosed with diabetes in the first 12 months of life, patients in whom it occurred in childhood, and then for several years she did not show any signs, as well as patients who, apart from this disease, have problems with vision, hearing or anemia.

MODY diabetes - treatment

FASHION diabetes can sometimes be treated more conveniently than typical diabetes -sometimes even giving up insulin. Such treatment is used in the case of MODY 2 diabetes, where the therapy consists only in the use of an appropriate diet.

In other cases, you may also need only diet or treatment with oral drugs that lower blood sugar or insulin therapy. It all depends on the FASHION subtype of diabetes.

Worth knowing

MODY and type 2 diabetes

Apart from the genetic background, the features that distinguish MODY diabetes from type 2 diabetes include the onset of the disease, usually in the second or third decade of life, usually lack of obesity and domination of insulin secretion defect in the absence of insulin resistance or even high insulin sensitivity.

Bibliography:

1. MODY 2 monogenic diabetes - it is worth remembering - case reports, "Pediatric Endocrinology" 2015

2. Małecki M., Klupa T., Rare forms of diabetes in children and adolescents, "Doctor's Guide"

Category:

Diabetes