You can get infected with animal-borne diseases while playing in the sandbox, cleaning the cat litter box, and walking around the neighborhood square. What to do to protect yourself against zoonoses: ornithosis, toxocarosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies, rat fever?

Zoonoses( zoonoses ) are diseases that are spread by animals or are transmitted to humans through direct contact with an animal or through raw materials of animal origin. It also happens, although less frequently, that they are transmitted by air (the latter include, for example, toxoplasmosis, brucellosis, rabies or bird flu).

List of zoonoses:

  • Argentine hemorrhagic fever
  • Babesiosis
  • Bubble
  • Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
  • Lyme disease
  • Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
  • Brucellosis
  • Chlamydofilosis
  • Chagas disease
  • Cat scratch disease
  • Kyasanur Forest Disease
  • Sheep jump disease
  • Tick-borne diseases
  • Denga
  • Giardiasis (giardiasis)
  • Rift Valley Fever
  • Ebola hemorrhagic fever
  • Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever
  • Lassa Rush
  • Oropouche Rush
  • Spotted fever
  • Q fever
  • West Nile Rush
  • Human tuberculosis
  • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
  • Jersiniosis
  • Tick-borne encephalitis
  • Krowianka
  • Leptospirozy
  • Listerioza
  • Nosacizna
  • Omsk hemorrhagic fever
  • Ornithosis
  • Monkey pox
  • Smallpox from cows
  • Sheep pox
  • Tick palsy
  • Foot-and-mouth
  • Avian flu
  • Różyca
  • Surra
  • Rat fever
  • Swine Flu
  • Tasiemczyca
  • Toxocarosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Tularemia
  • Spotted typhus
  • Wąglik
  • Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
  • Rabies

Argentine hemorrhagic fever

Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) occurs on an area of ​​approximately 120,000 km² in the Argentine pampa. It is a viral disease in which rodents are a reservoir. PeopleThey become infected as a result of contact with animals and their excreta, but transmission of the virus between humans through sexual or blood-borne routes is also possible. Mortality in untreated cases is estimated at 10-15%.

Babesiosis

Babesiosis is one of the many tick-borne diseases. The number of cases of babesiosis is not high, but it is growing every year. Babesiosis is often associated with Lyme disease. Treatment of babesiosis is necessary - until babesiosis is cured, Lyme therapy will not be effective. Babesiosis may be particularly severe in immunocompromised patients. Treatment of babesiosis consists of the administration of antimalarial (antiprotozoal) drugs: quinine, atovaquone and some antibiotics (clindamycin, azithromycin), usually in combination therapy. Patients may require blood transfusions.

Bubble

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by a dangerous tapeworm - echinococcosis. It can be introduced into the body by eating unwashed berries. The high-risk group includes people who have direct contact with foxes or their places of living, i.e. hunters, foresters, undergrowth and brushwood pickers, farmers and leather tanners. After getting into the body, the larvae choose the most important parts of the human body: the liver (in over 90% of cases), lungs and the brain, and they nest there. A cyst forms around the larvae, which increases in size and compresses adjacent tissues. Multichamber echinococcosis does not have to be symptomatic for 10-15 years. Unfortunately, echinococcosis is often confused with cancer. Most cases, if not treated properly, are fatal.

Bolivian hemorrhagic fever

Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (BHF) is a viral disease caused by the Machupo virus (MACV) of theArenaviridaefamily and is endemic to Bolivia. The reservoir is rodentCalomys callosusa , and infection in humans is achieved by inhalation, through contact with a sprayed urine suspension of rodents. The possibility of transmission of the disease between humans by air and food, as well as by sexual and blood-borne disease is also possible. Currently, only symptomatic treatment is used. Mortality is estimated at 5 to 30%. Being ill will give you immunity.

Lyme disease

Lyme disease (Latinborreliosis ,morbusLyme), also known as Lyme disease, tick-borne disease, is the most famous tick-borne disease that at the same time, it is a relatively new disease - it has been diagnosed since the second half of the 1980s. Lyme disease is caused by bacteria classified as spirochetes - Borrelia burgdorferi- discovered in 1982 by W. Burgdorfer andBorrelia garinii ,Borrelia afzelii , Borrelia japonica .

Lyme disease, regardless of its type and severity, attacks connective, muscle and nervous tissue. The first symptoms of the disease (early local, limited phase) develop within 1-3 weeks of the bite. There are 3 clinical phases of Lyme disease: early local (limited), early disseminated and late. Unfortunately, none of the available tests can 100 percent. exclude or confirm Lyme disease. Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics. In some patients, treatment of Lyme disease takes one and a half years, and in others it takes only a few weeks.

Brazilian hemorrhagic fever

Brazilian hemorrhagic fever has been known only since 1994. It is caused by the RNA virus Sabiá (SABV), which is classified as New World arenaviruses (complexTacaribe ), most likely rodent-borne. Laboratory infections have occurred by aspiration of viral particles by inhalation. manifested by flu-like symptoms, conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting that lead to dehydration. In the next stage, there are hemorrhagic and necrotic foci, and then death. Only symptomatic treatment.

Brucellosis

Brucellosis (Mediterranean, M altese, goat, Gibr altar fever, Bang's disease) is a chronic bacterial zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the speciesBrucellacarried by farm animals: cows, pigs, goats, sheep, as well as camels, dogs, hares and rodents: mice, rats and squirrels. The disease does not give clear and easy to diagnose symptoms. Flu-like symptoms usually occur within eight weeks of infection. The sick person is weakened, he is tired with fever, especially at night he complains of pouring sweats, he suffers from headaches and joint pains. These ailments can come and go, which is why brucellosis is sometimes called a wave fever. The disease can progress to a chronic form with relapses, causing changes in the bones and soft organs. Infection withBrucellabacteria is rarely fatal to humans, but illness and healing take a long time because the bacteria multiply intracellularly. During treatment, antibiotics are given orally or by injection, which are more effective in acute disease.

Chlamydofilosis

Chlamydophilosis is caused by bacteria from the familyChlamydiaceae- it affects cattle, cats, birds (in their case it is called parrot, ornithosis or psittacosis) andpeople. It causes slightly different symptoms in each of the species. In humans, it is especially dangerous for pregnant women. Therapy with tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline) usually brings the expected results.

Chagas disease

Chagas disease (trypanosomiasis) is an infection caused by the parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi , belonging to the trypanosomes. Chagas disease occurs mainly in South American countries. For years, Chagas disease can be quite mild and asymptomatic, and its first symptoms are confused with a cold. After about 10-20 years, over 35 percent of Those infected develop another phase of Chagas disease, which is chronic. In those who are infected, the risk of dying increases by two to three times. Among the infected, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases seventeen times. There is no vaccine or medicine to protect against infection in dangerous areas of the world. The very treatment of the disease is effective mainly in its first phase, which can often be overlooked and treated as a common viral disease.

Cat scratch disease

Cat scratch disease is caused by Gram-negative bacteriaBartonella henselaeandBartonella clarridgeiae- it's most often transmitted by young cats, much less often by dogs , rabbits and even squirrels. It occurs all over the world. Studies have shown that up to 50 percent of he althy cats carry the bacteria that cause the disease. It hatch in the body of a human bitten or scratched by a cat (rarely another animal) for 1 to 8 weeks. Usually the disease is not acute - it will pass in about 10 days, regardless of whether or not antibiotics have been given. Lymph nodes shrink after a few weeks. If the course is more severe, it is necessary to administer an antibiotic - azithromycin.

Kyasanur Forest Disease

Kyasanur forest disease is a tick-borne viral disease, although it can also be contracted through direct contact with small rodents, shrews, bats or monkeys. The causing virus KFDV (Kyasanur forest disease virus) of the familyFlaviviridaeis transmitted primarily by ticksHaemaphysalis spinigera . The Kyasanur forest disease is endemic in the Indian state of Karnataka, primarily in the Shivamogga district (formerly Shimoga) and the Kanara region. The first symptoms are reminiscent of the flu and there are stomach discomforts. Mild meningitis may occur, rarely coma. Mortality in the course of infection is estimated at 3% to 5% of cases. Symptomatic treatment, no vaccine developed.

Sheep jump disease

Diseasesheep jumping disease (LatinEncephalomyelitis ovis ) is an acute infectious viral disease of animals (sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, alpaca, dogs) and humans, caused by the sheep jumping disease virus (ang. louping ill virus, LIV - RNA virus of the genusFlavivirus , from the familyFlaviviridae ). It is transmitted by ticks of the speciesRhipicephalus appendiculatusand the common tick. In animals, the virus attacks mainly the cerebellum, and in humans, the brain. Sheep jump disease can be a fatal disease. There is no effective treatment, but vaccinations are available.

Tick-borne diseases

Tick-borne diseases are a group of diseases that are transmitted by ticks. The best known are Lyme disease, babesiosis, bartonellosis, ehrlichiosis (granulocytic anaplasmosis), tularemia, Q fever, neoehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, relapsing fever, and Colorado tick fever. However, the list of tick-borne diseases is much longer. Most of them are found worldwide, but some are diagnosed only in certain countries, such as the United States.

Denga

Dengue fever (breakbone fever) belongs to the group of hemorrhagic fever - a group of diseases whose common feature is the occurrence of hemorrhagic diathesis. Cases are reported in Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South America and the islands of Oceania. Dengue virus from the groupFlaviviridae(serotypes 3 and 4) is transmitted by mosquitoesAedes aegypti(Egyptian mosquito), less often other mosquitoes of the genusAedes . The disease does not spread from person to person. Treatment is symptomatic and mainly consists in counteracting the effects of bleeding disorders. Importantly, a vaccine has recently been available.

Giardiasis (giardiasis)

Giardiasis, giardiasis (Latingiardiosis ) is a zoonotic parasitic disease of the small intestine caused by protozoa of the speciesGiardia intestinalis(intestinal tail) , occurring in temperate latitudes. Symptoms of acute infection appear 1-3 weeks and are non-specific - they depend on the age and the state of the immune system capacity, as well as the type of lamblia strain. Treatment should cover not only sick (symptomatic) people, but also asymptomatic vectors with detected parasites.

Rift Valley Fever

Rift Valley Fever (RVF, Enzootic Hepatitis) is an infectious hemorrhagic fever, a viral disease of sheep, cattle and humans that occurs mainly in East Africa. RVW virus RNA belonging to the genusPhlebovirusfamilyBunyaviridaeis transmitted by mosquitoes, classified into 6 types, as well as frommuchCulicoidesiSimulium . A large proportion of them can transmit viruses to pets. Rift Valley fever is usually mild and uncomplicated, but in severe cases, it develops into haemorrhagic manifestations and meningitis.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), an often fatal disease caused by Ebola virus disease (EVD), which belongs to the genusEbolavirus - RNA-viruses from the familyFiloviridae . There have been several epidemics since 1976, when Ebola was first described, the largest of which started in 2013, lasted 2 years, and claimed 8,235 deaths. The sick are treated symptomatically, the vaccine has not yet been invented.

Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, or bleeding eye fever, is a disease caused by the CCHF virus (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever), which is transmitted by ticks (mainly of theHyalommagenus). The virus can also be infected by contact with tissues, blood and body fluids of an infected person and by contact with infected animals and meat. Initial symptoms resemble flu, with time there are bloody vomiting and diarrhea, bleeding from the digestive system, haemorrhage to the mucous membranes (including eyes), epistaxis and rash turning into bloody ecchymoses. Mortality in hospitalized persons is 40%, death occurs after about two weeks. Symptomatic treatment, although ribavirin is also administered intravenously and orally.

Lassa Rush

Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic fever that occurs in West African countries and is caused by a virus from the arenavirus family ( Arenaviridae ). The disease spreads through rodents and directly from person to person. The disease in most cases (80%) is asymptomatic, in the remaining cases there are complications. About 5,000 people die each year. Early treatment with intravenous infusions of ribavirin leads to therapeutic success.

Oropouche Rush

Oropouche fever occurs in the Brazilian Amazon and is caused by OROV bouraviruses of the genusOrthobunyavirus , transmitted by bloodsucking fliesCulicoides paraensis . Symptomatic treatment is applied, most patients fully recover.

Spotted fever

Spotted fever is a group of acute, infectious tick-borne diseases belonging to the rickettsial disease - caused by the rickettsial bacteriaRickettsia rickettsii . Spotted fever is everywhereworld from Australia through South and Southeast Asia, through southern Europe to Africa. Each of the spotted fever is characterized by a high fever and rash. Treatment is based on the administration of antibiotics.

Q fever

Q fever is one of the rickettsial infections - an acute infectious disease caused by bacteria - rickettsiaeCoxiella burneti . The main source of infection for humans are farm animals: cows, sheep, goats as well as dogs, cats and ticks. In humans, Q fever is distinguished between acute and chronic course. The disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women - it threatens both them and the developing fetus. Treatment of Q fever is based on antibiotic therapy.

West Nile Rush

West Nile fever is an acute mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the West Nile Virus (WNV) and belongs to the genusFlavivirusfamilyFlaviviridae . This virus occurs in the countries of West Asia, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and North America. Vertical infection with WNV can be transmitted to the fetus. There have also been reports of viral transmission during blood transfusion and transplantation, and laboratory infections. A mildly progressing infection causes flu-like symptoms, and in its acute version, it causes serious complications, including neurological ones. In severe cases, up to 35 percent of those hospitalized with West Nile fever die.

Human tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (Latintuberculosis, TB -tubercule bacillus ), caused primarily byMycobacterium tuberculosis(M. TB) is transmitted mainly by mammals, mainly wild animals. Tuberculosis most often affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), but it can also attack the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, blood vessels, the osteoarticular system, the genitourinary system and the skin. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of mycobacteria is an increasing problem in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurs in the Americas due to infection with rodent-borne hantaviruses. Initially, the symptoms are non-specific, resembling a cold, which makes diagnosis difficult, and thus effective treatment. When pulmonary edema and respiratory distress occur, even with all shock management procedures performed, the mortality rate is 40% -60%.

Jersiniosis

Jersiniosis is an animal-borne (pigs and other pets, andwild and birds) an infectious disease caused by bacteriaYersinia enterocoliticaand Y.pseudotuberculosis(rodentiosis, mainly serotypes I and III). It is found in America, Europe, North, Central and East Asia, South Africa and Australia. It causes acute or chronic gastrointestinal discomfort. Usually, aggressive antibiotic therapy is used. Complications occur in about 10% of patients.

Tick-borne encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis can be fatal. Of course, not every tick is infected, but unfortunately you can find out about it only a few days after contact with this arachnid. The symptoms of TBE may initially resemble a cold or the flu. But when, after several days, neurological symptoms (disturbance of consciousness, dizziness, convulsions) join them and a high fever occurs, the doctor will have no doubts what disease he is dealing with. The vaccine protects against tick-borne encephalitis.

Krowianka

Krowianka (Latinvariola vaccinia ) caused either by the vaccinia virus (VACV,poxvirus officinale ) which attacks domestic cattle and pigs, or cowpox virus (CPXV,poxvirus bovis ) or feline pox virus (in humans). They all belong to the familyOrthopoxvirus . Vaccinia virus of unexplained origin has been used for vaccination against smallpox. People are rarely ill, so far about 150 cases have been described. Symptomatic treatment, good prognosis.

Leptospirozy

Leptospirosis, spirochetes, Weil's disease - a group of zoonoses caused by spirochetes of the genusLeptospira , spread by domestic and wild animals, especially rodents and cattle, as well as pigs, horses and dogs. Leptospirosis may result in circulatory disorders, vascular damage, or changes in parenchymal organs, the nervous system and muscles. Treatment lasts up to several weeks, using penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol or cephalosporins.

Listerioza

Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteriaListeria monocytogenes . It is dangerous because 20 to 30 percent of infections are fatal. Listeria is especially dangerous for pregnant women. Its reservoir are animals - sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, hares, rabbits, chickens, guinea pigs, chinchillas, which also get sick. The most common cause of listeria infection in humans is food, primarily meat and cold cuts, but also dairy products. Timely undiagnosed listeriosis can lead to meningitis.spinal cord inflammation, endocarditis or sepsis. The only treatment for listeriosis is antibiotic therapy.

Nosacizna

Glanders (LatinMalleus , English glanders) is a chronic infectious and contagious disease caused by the glanders stick. Above all, solipeds (most often horses), but also felines and other carnivores, suffer from disease. It is very rare in humans, and before the discovery of antibiotics it was a fatal disease.

Omsk hemorrhagic fever

Omsk hemorrhagic fever is caused by the OHFV (Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus) of theFlaviviridaefamily. The OHFV vector is tickDermacentor reticulatus ,Dermacentor marginatus,Ixodes persulcatus . At the beginning of the third week, most of the infected develop disorders of the central nervous system, while the remaining infected recover. Treatment is only symptomatic. Mortality in the course of infection is estimated at 1-10% of cases.

Ornithosis

Ornithosis is a parrot disease. It can be infected from exotic birds infected with chlamydia, not only parrots, but sometimes also ducks, geese, canaries and gulls. A person becomes infected by inhaling dust containing bacteria (they are found in excreta and on bird feathers). You can also get sick after being pecked by an infected bird. The symptoms of infection are very similar to pneumonia - there is fever, cough, including coughing up secretions, and also headache, throat, muscle aches.

Monkey pox

Monkeypox is a rare infectious zoonotic disease caused by the monkey pox virus belonging to the genusOrthopoxvirus , in the familyPoxviridaeand subfamiliesChordopoxvirinae . It is transmitted by squirrels. It was first diagnosed in humans in 1970 in Zaire, but the virus is spreading worldwide - in 2003 it appeared in the US and in 2022 - in the UK. The symptoms of the disease are similar to those of smallpox and chickenpox. Only symptomatic treatment.

Smallpox from cows

Cow pox (LatinPseudovariola bovum ) is an infectious disease of domestic cattle, causing relatively harmless symptoms in humans. The so-called milking nodules - skin lesions of the type of nodules occurring at the site of contact with the udder of an animal infected with the pseudo-cowpox virus.

Sheep pox

Sheep pox in humans (mainly sheep and goat breeders, farmers) causes harmless zoonosis in the form of single nodules with a hollow in the middle, which are filled with purulent content, locatedmainly on the hands. It is caused by viruses of theCapripoxvirusfamilyPoxiviridae .

Tick palsy

Tick paralysis (tick paralysis) is a reaction to a neurotoxin (similar to botulinum toxin) injected by some ticks. It happens when the tick feeds in the human body for 4 to 7 days and disappears after its removal. The disease affects people of all ages, but is most often diagnosed in children under 8 years of age. Tick ​​paralysis is usually without fever, sometimes body temperature may be slightly elevated. No nausea or vomiting is observed. The period of proper paralysis takes the form of progressive weakening of muscle strength and muscle paralysis.

Foot-and-mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (blight of the snout and hooves) is a highly contagious disease of even-toed ungulates, caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virusPicornavirus aphtae . In the case of animals, treatment of foot-and-mouth disease is prohibited - all the animals are minted - not only sick ones, but even only those suspected of having the disease. Vaccinations can be used to protect animals. In humans, infection is very rare and the disease is mild.

Avian flu

Avian influenza is an influenza A virus that occurs worldwide among all species. Importantly, the virus can also occur in gourds, tigers, pigs, cats, dogs and humans. The two strains, H5 and H7, are the most dangerous and contagious. People can catch avian flu through close contact with sick birds or their flesh, faeces and feathers. Please note that the Spanish flu virus most likely came from the bird flu virus.

Różyca

Erysipeloid (Latinrhusiopathia suum ) or erysipeloid (Latinerysipelas suum ) is a capillary-induced erysipelas ( Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ) a bacterial infectious disease of pigs that can also be dangerous for humans. The course of the disease is not pleasant, but the general condition of the patient is usually good, sepsis is extremely rare. Antibiotics are used in the treatment.

Surra

Surra is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Evans' trypanosoma ( Trypanosoma evansi ), transmitted by bitterns and other insects. They get sick horses, equines, cattle and camels, which die a few weeks after being infected. The first human incident was reported in 2004 in a farmer in India, and little is known about its course.

Rat fever

Rat fever is caused by bacteria ( Streptobacillus moniliformisand Spirillum minus ) carried by he althy rats. The infection occurs as a result of being bitten by this rodent. The disease (depending on the bacteria causing it) presents with recurrent joint pain, followed by endocarditis or inflammation at the site of the bite and swelling in the nearby lymph nodes, recurrent fever and rash.

Swine Flu

Swine flu is caused by the influenza A virus, with the most common strains being H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, H3N1 and H2N3. The disease affects the pig respiratory system and its symptoms in humans are similar to those of influenza caused by other viruses. Most patients recover, but in the event of complications, they may be fatal. Antiviral drugs can be given.

Tasiemczyca

Tapeworm is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms, mainly by unarmed tapeworm, armed tapeworm, dwarf tapeworm, broad-tail tapeworm, echinococcosis and flea tapeworm. Symptoms of tapeworms tend to be nonspecific. Treatment depends on the type and location of the worm. Treatment of infection is primarily pharmacological, although surgical intervention may be necessary, depending on where the tapeworm is located.

Toxocarosis

Toxocarosis is a fairly common infection among children with roundworms of animal origin. The culprits are the larvae of the intestinal nematodes - the dog roundworm ( Toxocara canis ) or the cat roundworm ( Toxocara cati ). Their eggs are found in sand or on unwashed vegetables growing in contaminated soil. Fortunately, in order for an infection to occur, a very large number of eggs or hatched larvae must enter the body. Symptoms are often absent or slight: increased temperature, coughing, weakness. But the larvae can reach the liver, lungs, eyes, wreaking havoc there.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is caused by a protozoanToxoplasma gondii . Man (and all other mammals) and birds are the intermediate hosts of the protozoan, while the domestic cat (and some other felids) are the ultimate host of this parasite. You can become infected by eating infected meat (sheep, cattle, birds), by contact with cat faeces, by droplets, by intrauterine infection or organ transplantation, and by drinking unpasteurized milk from infected goats. Parasites are found in the blood, so infected pregnant women can develop a fetal infection. They also find their way into the muscles, where they remain contagious for many years.

Tularemia

Tularemia (rodent plague, hare disease, rabbit fever)is a contagious zoonotic disease caused by the bacillusFrancisella tularensis . it is very contagious but does not spread from person to person. In Poland, endemic outbreaks of tularemia occur mainly in the north of the country (in the vicinity of Białystok, Gdańsk, Bydgoszcz, Szczecin) and in the vicinity of Poznań. The symptoms of the disease depend on the form of the infection. Antibiotics are used in the treatment. Tularemia can be used as a biological weapon.

Spotted typhus

Typhus (typhus, rash typhus) is now a very rare infectious disease caused by bacteriaRickettsia prowazekii- rickettsiae transmitted by lice and fleas. In the past, spotted typhus claimed millions of victims, and although there are still several thousand cases of cases in developing countries, the last cases in Europe were recorded in the 1960s. In 1971, typhoid fever was removed from the list of the so-called quarantine diseases.

Wąglik

Anthrax ( anthrax ) is an acute zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium - anthrax rod ( Bacillus anthracis ). The spores of anthrax bacilli in aerobic conditions can survive even several dozen years in the ground. Depending on the method of infection in humans, we distinguish cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal forms of anthrax and severe sepsis. The treatment of anthrax is based on administering high doses of antibiotics. For years, research has been conducted and research into the possibility of using anthrax as a biological weapon.

Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever

Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever is caused by the New World arenaviruses ( Tacaribecomplex), the RNA Guanarito virus. The virus is transmitted by rodents, human infection occurs through contact with animals or their faeces. Mortality in the course of the disease is estimated at 25%, treatment only symptomatic.

Rabies

Rabies is a disease that can be caught as a result of being bitten by a rabid animal, most often sick domestic dogs. Rabies is most common among foxes, squirrels, rats and other rodents. The symptoms of the disease in humans are the same as in animals. It's… an attack of rabies with progressive paralysis of the whole body, disgust for water. But some animals may experience apathy instead of agitation - this is called latent rabies form. Note, the disease lasts 2-6 days without medical assistance and is fatal! So if you suspect that the animal that has bitten you is sick, see your doctor immediately. And when you have frequent contacts with wild animals, get vaccinated against rabies.

Category:

Parasitic diseases