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Skin cancer is not only melanoma. Not only can the types and symptoms of skin cancer vary. Find out what types of skin cancer are, how to recognize their symptoms and what they look like.

Skin canceris a malignant neoplasm whosesymptomsappear in a short time. Skin cancer usually grows rapidly, infiltrating surrounding tissues, and may also cause distant metastases. Contrary to benign skin neoplasms, which grow slowly, they do not destroy the surrounding tissues, from which they are clearly separated and do not metastasize.

Skin cancer does not develop immediately - it is a long-term and multi-stage process. Skin cancer is preceded by precancerous changes that can develop into melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma). The main cause of skin cancer is excessive skin exposure to UV radiation.

Treatment involves various methods, such as surgery, radiotherapy. However, in the case of the advanced form of the disease, it can lead to the death of the patient.

Skin cancer - basal cell carcinoma

In most cases, Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) occurs on the head (primarily the face) and neck. It has the form of a small bump surrounded by a shaft-like rim. The patient's attention should be drawn to a non-healing morning covered with a crust that periodically peels off, revealing a small ulcer ("wound"), which quickly becomes covered with a new crust. Basal cell carcinoma can also be flat or flat, scaly and red.

Skin cancer - squamous cell carcinoma

Like basal cell carcinoma, it appears on the skin in places that are exposed to the sun - the scalp, face, neck, and shoulders - but it can also appear in sun-protected areas.

Skin cancer - squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer. Over 80 percent SCC cases concern parts of the body exposed to sunlight, most often it is the head (around the eye sockets, nasolabial area, lips, nose, cheeks, ears), neck, backs of hands. There is a pre-invasive and invasive form of squamous cell carcinoma.

Pre-invasive form (from which skin cancer can develop)

- Bowen's disease - these are erythematous discs with sharply marked borders, with a velvety or peeling surface

- Queyrat erythroplasia - visible as a smooth red spot on the glans penis in uncircumcised men

- erythroplakia - all kinds of red lesions located on the mucous membranes

The invasive form (skin cancer) is papillary or ulcerative. The skin around it is infiltrated, hardened, often with curved edges.

Skin cancer - papillary cancer

Papillary cancer- This is a cancer that affects the genitals, the mouth and the feet. The growth of papillary cancer is very slow, its surface is covered with horny masses. Its cause may be, among others HPV 6 and HPV 11 human papillomaviruses.

Merkel neuroendocrine carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a very malignant neuroendocrine skin cancer. The disease is rare and is estimated at 0.23 per 100,000 white population.

Most cases occur in old age, most often around age 69. Merkel cell carcinoma is most often located in areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun. In half of the cases, it affects the head and neck region, and in 40% occurs on the limbs.

Usually it appears as a red lump with a smooth surface with numerous telangiectasias (dilated blood vessels). In 50 percent. at the time of diagnosis, metastases to the lymph nodes are already present.

Czerniak

Changes within the nevus causing concern - because they suggest melanoma - are abbreviated as ABCD, where:

A is asymmetry, a change in the shape of a mole from round to asymmetrical, B is an uneven or jagged edge, C is a color (from English), i.e. a change in color, e.g. darkening, lightening or different colors on one mole, D is the diameter - each birthmark with a diameter greater than 6 mm should be carefully examined

Kaposi's sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma- as a vascular neoplasm spreading within the skin, it is manifested by the presence of painless, growing nodules (or confluent spots or infiltrations), most often around the shin or on the feet (they are they are the so-called inflammatory form - characteristic of the onset of skin disease).

After some time, these lesions fuse into larger forms, creating purple or dark red spots (angioma form) to finally harden andthickening (lumpy form - the last stage of Kaposi's sarcoma development).

Tumors can be accompanied by ulceration and haemorrhage, weight loss, fever and sweating. The disease usually affects both limbs (not necessarily at the same time), and over time it can also affect the genitals, thighs, face, torso or even internal organs.

T type cutaneous lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

This is a rare skin cancer. it occurs in people between 40 and 60 years of age, more often in men. It is caused by the uncontrolled growth of T cells in the skin.

The most common types / types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome.

Paget's disease (Paget's skin cancer)

Paget's disease -In the early stages of the disease, red spots appear on the skin, causing itching and a burning sensation. There may be discharge from them. Subsequently, erosions (often bleeding) may appear. Changes usually occur in the area of ​​the external genitalia: vulva, anus, penis and scrotum - these are areas rich in apocrine and eccrine glands.

Less commonly, cancer affects the upper thighs, buttocks, armpits and the navel area. There are single cases of localization of neoplastic lesions in areas of the skin devoid of apocrine glands, e.g. in the external auditory canals, on the eyelids, in the esophagus, in the urethra.

How to recognize skin cancer?

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Category:

Oncology