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A defective BRCA1 gene can be a serious threat to he alth and life. A mutation in the BRCA genes increases the risk of cancer by 30-80 percent in breast cancer, in ovarian cancer by 11 to 40 percent, and in tubal and peritoneal cancer by about 10 percent. What makes a defective BRCA1 gene so dangerous?
The defective BRCA1 genesignificantly increases therisk of developing breast cancer and / or ovarian cancer . Why? Because the mutation of this gene causes that it ceases to control cell division, which can excessively multiply with impunity. Although BRCA 1 damage is attributed to the development of breast and ovarian cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, the mutation does not occur in most patients. BRCA1 damage is more and more often associated with neoplastic changes in the peritoneum and colon.
Gen BRCA1: structure and role
The BRCA1 gene belongs to the group of the largest genes found in the human body. BRCA1 is involved in the repair of damaged DNA - it is included in the so-called suppressor genes. The group of these genes is responsible for inhibiting the processes of cell proliferation (gate genes) and stabilizing the processes which make it possible to maintain the genetic balance of cells (the so-called care genes). BRCA1 (and BRCA2) mutations cause excessive cell division, which can lead to cancer.
What to do when the BRCA1 gene mutates?
A woman who knows that she is a carrier of the BRCA1 gene should take care of prophylaxis: give up hormonal contraception, undergo regular checkups and have mammography after 35 years of age. A preventive mastectomy may also be a solution. Many geneticists believe that carriers of this gene who develop breast cancer should also be persuaded to remove their he althy breast during the first operation. In addition, geneticists recommend ligation of the fallopian tubes or removal of the ovaries to women over 40 years of age. Such treatments are designed to weaken the effects of estrogen, which may be contributing to the emergence of a new cancer.