A blood smear is a test that shows a picture of all types of leukocytes. The individual parameters of the smear (LYMPH, MONO, BASO, EOS, NEUT, PLT) indicate specific diseases. Find out what the leukocyte norms are and how to interpret blood smear results.

Blood smearis usually ordered when the blood count is abnormal. A blood smear is a special analysis of at least 5 leukocyte populations:

  • monocytes
  • lymphocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
  • neutrophils

Changes in the levels of these blood cells may indicate the presence of infections in the body, viral and bacterial diseases, allergies, bone marrow disorders including leukemia, and hypothyroidism.

Blood smear: norms and their interpretation

  • LYMPH or lymphocytes

The number of lymphocytes increases in diseases such as:

  • lymphiaki
  • whooping cough
  • chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • multiple myeloma
  • tuberculosis
  • measles
  • piggy
  • rubella
  • syphilis
  • autoimmune diseases

The decrease in lymphocytes may be the result of the use of corticosteroids - drugs with anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties, such as hydrocortisone. Serious viral infections can also be a cause of lymphocyte decline.

  • MONO or monocytes

An increase in monocytes may indicate:

  • tuberculosis
  • syphilis
  • brucellosis
  • major
  • contagious mononucleosis
  • endocarditis
  • protozoan infections
  • surgical injuries
  • Crohn's disease
  • cancer

A drop in monocytes may indicate infections and the use of glycosteroids.

Prepare for a blood test [TOWIDEO]

  • BASO or basocytes

The increase in the number of basocytes is caused by:

  • allergies
  • chronic myeloid leukemia
  • chronic inflammation of the digestive tract
  • ulcerative enteritis
  • hypothyroidism
  • Hodgkin's disease

A result below the norm may appear in acute infections, acute rheumatic fever, hyperthyroidism, acute pneumonia and even stress.

  • EOS that iseosonocytes

Increasing the number of eozonocytes is caused by:

  • allergic diseases
  • infectious diseases
  • hematological diseases
  • parasitic diseases
  • bronchial asthma
  • hay fever
  • certain medications, e.g. penicillins

The reasons for the decline in their numbers may be infections, typhoid fever, dysentery, sepsis, injuries, burns, the action of adrenal hormones and even exercise.

  • NEUT or neutrocytes

We observe an increase in the number of neutrocytes in local and general infections, neoplastic and hematological diseases, after trauma, haemorrhage and infarction, in metabolic diseases, in smokers, in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Decline of neutrocytes occurs in fungal, viral (influenza, rubella), bacterial (tuberculosis, typhoid, brucellosis), protozoal (e.g. malaria) infections, and in toxic damage to the bone marrow.

Important

White blood cells are divided into granulocytes (eosinophils - eosinocytes, basophilic basocytes, neutrophils - neutrocytes), lymphocytes and monocytes. The correct percentage of individual leukocytes is:

  • lymphocytes (LYMPH) 20-45 percent
  • monocytes (MONO) 3-8 percent
  • basophils, i.e. basophils or basophils (BASO) up to 1 percent
  • eosinophils, i.e. eosinocytes or eosinophils (EOS) 1-5 percent
  • neutrophils or neutrocytes or neutrophils (NEUT) - rod-shaped 1-5 percent, segmental 40-70 percent

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Research