General (Basic) Profile are blood and urine tests that can be used to check your overall he alth. This type of research allows you to diagnose many diseases at an early stage of their development, before symptoms appear, so that appropriate treatment can be quickly implemented. Check what tests make up the general profile, what are the standards and how to interpret the results.

General profile( basic ) isblood and urine testswhich give you a lot of valuable general he alth information. Thanks to them, it is possible to determine the risk of developing certain diseases in the future and detect many diseases at an early stage of development, before they even show any symptoms, and thus - quickly apply appropriate treatment and increase the chances of recovery. Therefore, this type of examination is recommended to be performed regularly.

The general profile consists of tests such as peripheral blood count (with leukocyte differentiation), red blood cell sedimentation (ESR), urinalysis, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol) and levels of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) and blood glucose.

1. Blood count

Blood morphology includes assessment of, among others, RBC, i.e. the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes), WBC, i.e. white blood cells (leukocytes), HCT (hematocrit), i.e. the percentage of the blood volume consisting of erythrocytes, MCV - the average volume of the red blood cell, MCH - the average weight of the hemoglobin in the red blood cell, MCHC - mean concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Thanks to morphology, many diseases can be detected, incl. anemia.

CHECK>>BLOOD MORPHOLOGY - how to read the result?

2. Biernacki's Reaction (OB)

Biernacki's test is the rate at which red blood cells decline over time. Increased ESR can indicate inflammation in your body, as well as very serious diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, and even cancer. On the other hand, decreased ESR may suggest chronic heart failure, allergies or hyperemia.

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General profile - standards

  • OB - newborns: 0 - 2 mm per hour; babies (from 6 months of age): 12 - 17 mm per hour; women under 50life: 6 - 11 mm per hour; women over 50: up to 30 mm per hour; males under 50: 3 - 8 mm per hour; men over 50: up to 20 mm per hour;
  • sodium - 135-145 mmol / l
  • potassium - 3.5-5 mmol / l
  • lipid profile - total cholesterol: less than 190 mg / dl (5 mmol / l); LDL: less than 115 mg / dL (3 mmol / L); HDL (for men): greater than 40 mg / dL (1 mmol / L); HDL (for women): greater than 45 mg / dL (1.2 mmol / L); triglycerides: less than 150 mg / dL (1.7 mmol / dL)
  • glucose - newborns: 2.8-4.4 mmol / l; children: 3.9-58 mmol / l; adults: 3.9-6.4 mmol / l
  • urine test - color: straw; specific gravity: 1018-1030 g / l; pH: 6; urobilinogen: not more than 0.1 mg; erythrocytes - no more than 3 in the field of view; leukocytes - no more than 4-5 in the field of view; no undesirable substances (protein, sugar, blood, ketone bodies, bacteria)

3. Electrolytes (sodium, potassium)

Sodium and potassium are two elements whose mutual cooperation is necessary for the proper functioning of the body. When the proportions between the concentrations of these elements are disturbed, they cannot fulfill their functions. Usually, excess sodium and potassium deficiency are observed, which is caused by a poor diet. However, sometimes an excess of sodium may indicate failure and nephrotic syndrome, or right ventricular heart failure and an overactive thyroid gland. In turn, an increase in potassium in the blood can occur as a result of untreated diabetes, renal failure and adrenal insufficiency. However, the decrease in the level of both of these elements may suggest, inter alia, dehydration (may occur in the course of e.g. vomiting or diarrhea)

4. Lipid profile

The lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol) is a test that allows you to assess the state of fat metabolism, which has a huge impact on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. It is, among others thanks to this research, it is possible to check whether we are at risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke. The more elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, the greater the risk of these diseases.

5. Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar - a source of energy for the body. When blood levels rise after eating a meal, insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas) lowers it. When this process is disturbed, blood glucose levels are elevated, which is the most common indication of diabetes, but not limited to it. Exceeding the norms may also suggest pancreatic diseases (chronic or acute inflammation, cancer), disorders in the work of the pituitary and adrenal glands. In turn, to a decrease in glucose levelscomes, among others in the course of hormonal insufficiency of the pituitary gland.

6. Urinalysis

The urinalysis is a test for metabolic diseases, kidney diseases and urinary tract infections. This test checks the urine pH, urine color, specific gravity, the presence of protein, sugar, ketone bodies, bacteria, and the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes (white blood cells).

Cloudy urine may be caused by a large number of leukocytes (called pyuria in urinary tract infection). On the other hand, a lowered specific weight may suggest renal failure, and higher than expected normal weight occurs in the case of significant dehydration. On the other hand, an abnormal urine leukocyte count may be caused by a urinary tract infection (usually cystitis or pyelonephritis).

There should be no undesirable substances in the urine, such as protein (its presence requires further diagnosis), glucose (indicates diabetes), bilirubin (suggests liver disease), ketone bodies (even a small amount of them may indicate diabetes or kidney failure).

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