Phospholipids are structurally esters of glycerol or sphingosine, phosphoric acid and two fatty acids, and have an attached nitrogen-containing organic base (choline or amine). What are the sources of phospholipids in food? How much should my daily phospholipid intake be?

Phospholipids - groups

The structure of a phospholipid molecule is characterized by the presence of two regions: a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

We can divide phospholipids into two main groups:

Glycerophospholipids (glycerol esters)

  • kephalin (phosphatidylethylamine)
  • lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)
  • phosphatidylserine
  • phosphatidylinositol
  • cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol)

Sphingophospholipids (sphingosine esters)

  • sphingomyelins
  • glycosphingolipids

Biological functions of phospholipids

  • one of the main components of biological membranes (ensuring their permeability and fluidity)
  • play a role in metabolic processes
  • can be receptors for enzymes and hormones
  • take part in protein synthesis and cell regeneration
  • are a source of phosphates for the synthesis of ATP (the body's energy source)

Food sources of phospholipids

  • chicken eggs
  • soybeans
  • dairy products (cow's milk)
  • pork and chicken liver
  • white cabbage
  • Japanese radish

The daily consumption of phospholipids by an adult human should be between 2-8 g.

Action of phospholipids on the nervous system

Phospholipids are necessary for the proper functioning of the body and have a he alth-promoting effect on many of its systems.

Nervous system - neuroprotective effect, improving the functioning of neurons, regulating the work of the brain

  • lecithin and sphingomyelin are sources of choline, which is converted into the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is essential for the proper functioning of the brain. Choline also stimulates the nervous system and improves the ability to concentrate and remember.
  • phosphatidylserine is responsible for the conduction of nerve impulses, the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the protection of neurons from death.

Research has shown that there is a link betweenphospholipid deficiency and the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Phospholipids can therefore be used as a support in the treatment of diseases in patients with impaired cognitive functions.

Effect of phospholipids on the digestive system

  • phosphatidylcholine accelerates the recovery of the disease and is effective in cases of alcohol poisoning
  • sphingolipid digestion products have bactericidal properties and prevent gastrointestinal infections. Thus, they can contribute to the reduction of the risk of developing neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • phospholipids are involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, contributing to the reduction of its concentration in the blood.

Phospholipids also help to protect the heart and blood vessels, improving circulation and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Category:

He alth