Low-protein diet - rules. What can you eat on a low protein diet?

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A low-protein diet is a therapeutic diet intended primarily for people struggling with renal and hepatic insufficiency. A low-protein diet is also a method of treating diseases in the course of which the metabolism of amino acids is disturbed, e.g. phenylketonuria. What is a low-protein diet? What can you eat? What products are banned?

A low-protein dietisa therapeutic dietwhich consists in restricting protein products in the diet. Its aim is to prevent the excessive production of toxic protein metabolism products that damage the organs and lead to their dysfunction.

Low-protein diet - who is it for?

A low-protein diet is intended for people struggling with kidney and liver failure. It should also be used in the course of diseases of the pancreas, gall bladder and bile ducts. It is also necessary in the case of phenylketonuria - a metabolic disease in which phenylalanine (a type of amino acid) accumulates in the body, and tyrosinemia (the disease is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme that participates in protein metabolism) and other metabolic diseases whose essence is abnormal metabolism amino acids.

Low protein diet - rules

In a low-protein diet, there is one rule: you should limit products containing protein in the diet, and the amount of this ingredient must be limited to the extent depending on its tolerance by the patient's body. It is assumed that the amount of protein in the diet should not exceed 40-50 g per day. The exception is advanced renal or hepatic insufficiency, in the course of which the limitations of this nutrient are much greater (less than 20-30 g / day). It is also important that the supplied protein is wholesome, i.e. of animal origin (it should constitute 75% of the supplied protein).

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Carbohydrates are well tolerated by people who must be on a low-protein diet, so there is no need to limit them. It should only be remembered that it is correct to consume about 300 g of carbohydrates a day. In turn, the daily amount of fat (the "good" - vegetable or fish) should not exceed 25 percent. daily energy demand. Their number should be limited in the case of pancreatic diseases or if the doctor decides to do so. The daily energy requirement for people with a he althy body weight is about 2400 kcal.

Due to the fact that calcium, vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption, and iron, are limited in the low-protein diet, supplementation of these elements is recommended. You can also introduce other products that contain them to the menu.

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Low-protein diet - recommended and prohibited products

In this diet, the types of products used and their amounts must be strictly in line with those given in the adopted daily food ration, otherwise the amount of protein may be subject to an adverse or even hazardous to he alth change.

	RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS	FORBIDDEN PRODUCTS
Grain products	stale special protein-free bread wheat starch potato starch	regular bread all groats and flours except potato flour
Milk and dairy products	sweet and curdled milk 2% yogurt kefir lean or semi-fat white cheese	yellow and processed cheeses blue cheeses Feta Fromage type cheese
Eggs	soft-boiled in shirts steamed scrambled eggs amount according to food ration	Hard-boiled fried in a traditional way
Meat, cold cuts, fish	lean meats and cold cuts lean, fatty sea fish type and amount of these products - strictly according to the daily food ration	fatty meats: lamb, pork, goose, duck fatty and offal meats pates cured meats canned meat and fish smoked fish seafood
Fat	soft margarines vegetable oils: rapeseed oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil	cream lard lard bacon and tallow hard margarines
Vegetables	rich in carotene: carrots, pumpkin, tomatoes, as well as green lettuce, spinach, asparagus, chard, chicory, pepper, celery, parsley, dill, corn, onion, garlic, potatoes only cooked whole or purée	those with roux or vinegar-preserved, fried potatoes (e.g. in the form of french fries), pickled cucumbers, sauerkraut,
Fruits	rich in vitamin C: citrus, blueberries, grapes, apples, peaches, apricots, cherries, plums	cherries, pears
Legumes	-	all
Sweets and snacks		halva, chocolate, sweets containing fat, cocoa, nuts
Spices	mild, e.g. dill, sweet pepper, s alt (as recommended by your doctor)	vinegar, curry, hot pepper, mustard, maggi
Sauces	mild	spicy on roux, on strong and fatty meat or bone broths, with flour
Soups	soups concentrated wheat or potato starch	cabbage soup, cucumber, mushroom
Drinks	tea, coffee (in limited quantities and with doctor's permission)	cocoa, alcoholic drinks, liquid chocolate
Other		some medicinal syrups, tablets (protein is found in tablet coatings) and some artificial sweeteners (check the ingredients)

Source:Scientific basis of nutrition in hospitals , pod. ed. Jarosz M., publ. Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw 2001.

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