Epulymoma is a benign lesion of the oral mucosa, located within the gums. Epulums are not neoplastic changes, but nevertheless require quick diagnosis and almost always surgical treatment. what are the causes of the formation of epilates and how is their removal?

Superslidesare benign, painless tumors that do not arise in the process of neoplasia - they belong to the group of inflammatory-proliferative changes. The etiology of superslides is not fully understood. It is assumed that the starting point for the development of epiglomas is the mucosa of the alveolar processes - the gum or the periosteum. As a result of the damaging factors (trauma, bacteria present in the plaque, etc.), there is a pathological growth of the mucosa at the site of the irritating factor.

Hormonal fluctuations also play a role in the formation of adulomas, which are particularly important in the case of epiglomas occurring in pregnant women. Other factors that promote the formation of these changes are poor diet, certain medications and poor oral hygiene. Supersides are found in both the female and male groups. They most often develop in the interdental spaces of the anterior segment of the jaw. They can also appear in the area of ​​toothless alveolar processes, this is the case, for example, in the case of congenital ependymoma, found among newborns.

What are the types of superals?

There are several types of superslides described in the scientific literature. A common division is the histological division. It segregates epulums according to the type of tissues that make up the ependymoma, and this is how we can distinguish:

  • Granulomatous and fibrous epilates- are spherical pedunculated tumors of various consistency, appearing as soft, elastic, more or less hard tumors. Their color slightly differs from that of the gums (pink or red). They do not cause pain. They cover only the gingival mucosa and do not occupy deeper tissues, i.e. bones. Large-sized ependyms, pressing on the bone, can cause bone atrophy, and also contribute to the displacement of adjacent teeth.
  • Giant cell epilepsy- are irregular tumors with a soft texture. Their namecomes from giant cells visible in the microscopic image. Good vascularization causes them to bleed even with minor injuries. These changes can ulcerate. They often recur and can turn into a malignant tumor more often than other types of epilides. Some authors refer to giant cell epithelium as a peripheral variant of the intraosseous giant cell lesion, which belongs to the group of benign neoplasms. This is because both lesions have an almost identical histological structure.
  • Gestational tumor- also known as vascular epithelium, capillary epithelioma or pyogenic granuloma. During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that adapt her to the proper course of pregnancy. Hormonal changes during this period, along with poor oral hygiene or trauma, may contribute to this change. Vascular epilepsy affects about 5% of pregnant women. It usually occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, and usually resolves spontaneously in the third trimester or after delivery. It is a painless, bright red growth. It is most often located on the interdental papillae, less often on the gingival margin. A minor trauma may cause bleeding.
  • Congenital hyperplasialike other ependymomas is a benign growth of the mucosa of the alveolar processes. It occurs in children in the neonatal period, its development begins during pregnancy. The cause of its formation is unknown. Approximately ten times more frequent occurrence of this change in girls than in boys was observed. Congenital hyperplasia can be connected with both a narrow and a wide band of tissues, the so-called peduncle. The lesion most often appears in the anterior segment of the toothless alveolar processes, or in the anterior part of the hard palate and, in extreme cases, may be even several centimeters in diameter. In about 10% of cases, multiple congenital ependymomas are found.
  • Fissured epilepsyarises as a result of mechanical irritation of the oral mucosa, most often associated with the use of improperly fitted removable dentures. Initially, the continuity of the mucosa is broken, the healing tissue is exposed to constant trauma, as a result of which fibrous tissue overgrows. Initially, it is in the form of a single fold, with further use of an incorrect prosthesis, the extent of the lesion expands, it acquires a hard consistency and surrounds the edge of the prosthesis. Changes do not cause pain.

Treatmentsuperslides

Treatment of epilates consists in their surgical removal with the he althy tissue margin. In the case of giant cell epithelioma, it is necessary to remove the bone in the vicinity of the bone lesion. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and the removed tissues are sent for histopathological examination for detailed diagnosis.

Supersalmomas in pregnant women usually resolve spontaneously in the last trimester or after pregnancy, so surgery is not necessary. Exceptions are large epiglomas that cause malocclusion, make chewing difficult or are notoriously irritated. Surgery, in these cases, should be performed even during pregnancy. The best time to undergo the procedure is the second trimester of pregnancy.

Important

Recurrence of epiglomas and prognosisThe prognosis after proper treatment is good. Epulides can recur. It is especially often observed after incomplete removal of the primary lesion. It should be remembered about the possibility of neoplastic metaplasia of the tumor. The excised lesion should be sent for histopathological examination in order to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other more serious diseases. There are a number of similar lesions in the oral cavity which should be differentiated from epilates. We can include among them, among others fibroids, a peripheral variant of the intraosseous giant cell lesion, and gingival cancer. Proper oral hygiene is of great importance in the prevention of epilepsy.

Category:

Dentistry and Orthodontics