Mola hydratidosa, hydratis (Latin: Mola hydratidosa, hydratis - which translates as "a drop of water") is a benign form of quite common pregnancy trophoblastic disease. It arises as a result of faulty fertilization of the egg.
The result of this abnormality is the disturbed functioning of the uterus . There are two types ofgroniastego : complete and partial. The development oftumoroften prevents a normal, viablefetusfrom growing properly. However, with proper medical supervision, it is possible to have a baby and recover from the tumor. The incidence of a molar mole varies from continent to continent. In the United States and Europe, the disease occurs once in 1,000 pregnancies, and in West Africa and Asia, the frequency of diagnosing a mole is 1 in 100 (e.g. in Indonesia).
A complete molar is formed when an empty egg is fertilized
A complete molar is caused by the fertilization of an empty egg. In this case, 1 or 2 sperm are fertilized by an egg without maternal genetic material. The most common is the 46 XX or 46 XY karyotype - in these cases the father's genetic material has been duplicated after fertilization (the maternal has been removed). Sometimes a karyotype of 23 X also occurs. As a result of faulty fertilization, there are abnormalities in the development of the placenta. Vesicles from the mass of trophoblastic tissue appear in the uterus with accompanying swelling of the stroma. In a macroscopic view, the condition is referred to as a bunch of grapes. The examination also shows the existence of a cyst of large size. The post-placental membranes and the fetus are completely missing.
Symptoms of an acuminous mole
Most often, the patient is admitted to the hospital with vaginal bleeding in the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy. The accompanying symptoms are characteristic of a threatening or incomplete miscarriage. There may also be severe vomiting. Total synamus increases the risk of early gestosis.
Diagnosis of the disease is difficult, because the characteristic image of a blizzard (storm) visible on ultrasound may not appear in the first trimester of pregnancy. In biochemical researchhigh levels of hCG are observed.
Partial acinar - treatment
The breakfast is removed surgically by curettage of the cervical cavity and canal. Such treatment gives a fairly good chance of recovery - 80% in the case of a complete mole and 95% - in the case of a partial moles. All tissues excreted spontaneously and removed from the genital tract are examined histopathologically. Women not planning more than one pregnancy are advised to consider a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus). It is estimated that 2.5-4% of moles undergo malignant transformation into chorionic mites. Depending on the patient's condition and the degree of risk, methotrexate monotherapy or multi-drug therapy may be used.