- New Delhi in Poland
- New Delhi - why is it resistant to antibiotics?
- Superbacteria in Poland - see VIDEO
- New Delhi - how do you get infected?
- New Delhi - how to fight?
New Delhi is a superbug that is resistant to all antibiotics, meaning it cannot cure its deadly diseases. The situation is very serious, because even in Poland there are already hundreds of carriers of this pathogen, and it is not difficult to get infected. Why is New Delhi bacteria resistant to antibiotics? How can you get infected?
New Delhi- the name of the bacteria sounds exotic, but unfortunately it also reached Poland. On August 23, 2022, it was reported that an epidemic was discovered in the Bielany Hospital in Warsaw. For this reason, admissions to the II Ward of Internal Diseases with the Nephrology Subdivision were temporarily suspended. All this to prevent the spread of New Delhi-caused disease.
Contents:
- New Delhi in Poland
- New Delhi - why is it resistant to antibiotics?
- Superbacteria in Poland - see VIDEO
- New Delhi - how do you get infected?
- New Delhi - how to fight?
Superbacteria New Delhiis the colloquial name of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM - pneumoniae, which belongs to the group of intestinal bacteria. The New Delhi bacterium is responsible for life-threatening pneumonia, inflammation of the urinary and digestive systems, meningitis and many other diseases.
New Delhi in Poland
First case - 2011
Very often it causes sepsis, which ends in the death of every second patient. In Poland, the disease appeared in 2011 in Warsaw, and again in 2012 in a hospital in Poznań. However, hospitals did not take appropriate precautions (e.g. infected people were not isolated, which is a necessity) and patients infected each other while wandering between wards.
As a consequence, in a short time the number of infected began to grow rapidly. According to the data of the National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Susceptibility, in 2013 there were 105 people infected in the whole country, and in April 2016 this number is 1100, most of them in Warsaw. However, these figures are underestimated and there are certainly many more infected.
Follow-up cases
July 22, 2018
WIn 2022, the New Delhi bacterium was detected in a patient of the Department of Cardiac Surgery and Vascular Surgery after a heart transplant on the night of July 22-23.
Due to the need to protect patients who were in contact with the infected, the ward was closed on the same morning and the scheduled surgical procedures were postponed.
At the same time, this dangerous bacterium was detected in a 59-year-old patient of the Provincial Specialist Hospital. M. Kopernika in Łódź. The woman was isolated from the rest of the patients in the ward, and samples were taken from all of them for testing.
Independent Provincial Hospital Nicholas Copernicus in Piotrków Trybunalski informed about the finding of infection with the New Delhi bacterium. The patient was admitted to the ward on October 31st and was first in the general room, and went to isolation immediately after confirming that she was a New Delhi carrier. The internal ward where the patient who was the carrier of the bacteria was staying, stopped admissions.
01.08.2019
01/08/2019 The University Hospital in Zielona Góra reported that infection with the bacteriumKlebsiella pneumoniaeNDM, commonly known as New Delhi, was detected in several patients. A decision was also made to suspend scheduled admissions of patients to all departments until August 15. On August 8, 2019, it was officially announced that there are no New Delhi bacteria in the Multidisciplinary Provincial Hospital in Gorzów Wielkopolski. The hospital in Gorzów had to deal with the New Delhi bacterium twice in 2014 and a year later.
22.11.2019
Three patients with the New Delhi bacterium in the Provincial Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów. The carrier of the bacteria was a patient from Ukraine. He was admitted to the ICU in a serious condition. In the course of the research, it turned out that it is a carrier of bacteria. He infected the patient with whom he was in the room.
Among the infected is also a 14-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital after a car accident. Currently, operating rooms for children are excluded in the hospital.
New Delhi - why is it resistant to antibiotics?
BacteriaKlebsiella pneumoniaeNDM has a "super-resistance gene" (NDM-1 gene - New Delhi-Metallo-beta-lactam-1) encoding enzymes (mainly metallo-beta- lactamases), which inactivate practically all antibiotics, even those "last chance", which are used in the treatment of seriously ill.
NDM is not really a specific pathogenic bacterium, but an antibiotic resistance gene. If someone is a carrier of it, even a simple infection can lead to death, because then it will not workno antibiotic.
This gene was first detected in 2009 by British scientists from the University of Cardiff in a Swede who was treated in India (hence the colloquial name New Delhi).
Until the end of 2010, infections with these bacteria were confirmed in patients e.g. in Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Greece, Great Britain, Belgium and the USA.
The bacterium is also dangerous for another reason. It can pass the "super-resistance gene" to other, often harmless, bacteria, making them also superbugs that are resistant to all drugs and insurmountable. Examples of such mutant pathogens are those that cause dysentery or cholera.
However, as experts point out - the main cause of bacterial resistance is improper use or excessive use of antibiotics.
The overuse of antibiotics is a common phenomenon all over Europe, and according to the European Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption (ESAC) data, Poland is at the forefront in this respect.
New Delhi could lead to death!
If it becomes infected, the body can fight the pathogen by itself. If this is not successful, the infection may become chronic (then ordinary pneumonia or cystitis cannot be cured) or the patient will die - most often as a result of sepsis (sepsis), as a result of which 50% of them die. sick.
Superbacteria in Poland - see VIDEO
New Delhi - how do you get infected?
Klebsiella pneumoniaeNDM lives on the skin and in the digestive tract. It is excreted with the faeces of both the sick person and the he althy carrier (i.e. the carrier who has not yet developed symptoms).
Therefore, it can spread through a non-disinfected toilet used by the person carrying the bacteria.
This makes it easier for bacteria to spread from one person to another. It should be noted that NDM bacteria are perfectly adapted to life in the human digestive system. They can stay in the body for several years.
A bacterium becomes dangerous when it enters the blood, urinary tract or respiratory tract (e.g. through a urinary catheter, cannula or respirator, and also during surgery). Then it can cause e.g. sepsis, pneumonia or cystitis.
The greatest danger concerns the elderly, chronically ill, immunocompromised people undergoing surgery.
Self-infection can also occur. This may happen, for example, ina patient after chemotherapy, if during its course the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is destroyed. Then the bacteria from the digestive tract can spontaneously enter the blood.
New Delhi - how to fight?
In November 2015, a special team for limiting the spread of NDM in hospitals in Mazovia was established.
It operates under the scientific patronage of a national consultant in the field of medical microbiology and brings together, among others, Sanepid employees.
This team developed new rules. Hospitals must, inter alia, report all positive laboratory results forKlebsiella pneumoniae,to the Department of He althcare and NDM patients are subjected to isolation.