Help the development of the site, sharing the article with friends!

Ropomacicze is one of the most important and common diseases of the reproductive system in female dogs. It is a disease that usually affects adult uncastrated female dogs, although it is also sporadic in young and very old females. Early diagnosis of pyomatosis is very important, so it is worth knowing when and how it manifests itself.

Ropomacicze - what is it?

Ropomaciczeis the common name for a medical condition known as EPC (endometritis-pyometra-complex). It is a cystic growth of the glands in the womb lining with inflammation and bacterial infection. Most often it occurs in mature bitches over 6 years of age, but it also happens in young and very old bitches. The pyomyositis develops during the diestrus phase of the sexual cycle. The first symptoms usually appear between 1 and 3 months after the end of the heat.

Ropomacicze: reasons

In order to discuss the mechanism of disease development, it is necessary to briefly recall the sexual cycle in a bitch. It consists of 4 phases:

  • proestrus- manifested by enlargement and hyperemia of the labia, bloody discharge from the genital tract. There is no male tolerance and the female dog avoids contact with dogs. This period lasts an average of 9 days.

The proestus + estrus phases are commonly referred to as in heat.

  • estrus- swelling of the labia is even more prominent. The discharge is not so bloody anymore - the blood in the discharge is more diluted. The female dog shows a willingness to mate, bends and accepts the male. This period also lasts around 9 days on average.
  • diestrus- after the end of the heat, the luteal phase begins, which lasts on average 60-70 days. During this period, the uterus is under the influence of progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum. The level of hormones is close to the value during pregnancy, therefore this period often ends with an imaginary pregnancy. It is in this phase that pyomaxillia may develop.
  • metestrus- the so-called sexual peace. It takes an average of about 4 months.

By understanding the mechanisms governing the sexual cycle in a bitch, we can now explain the mechanism of the formation of the pyoma. In the diestrus phase, progesterone is released, which affects the uterus. The action of progesterone inin subsequent cycles, it causes the growth of glands in the endometrium. This condition worsens with age in each unsterilized bitch.

When the glands grow larger, they produce excessive amounts of secretion that can become a very good breeding ground for bacteria. It should be added that the vagina is not a sterile organ. Physiologically, it is inhabited by bacteria (most often E.coli), which, after getting from the vagina through the cervix to the uterus, can cause bacterial infection of this organ. In addition, progesterone also inhibited immunity, which makes it even more susceptible to infections.

Depending on the condition of the cervix, two forms of pyomyxia are distinguished:

  • open- the cervix is ​​open so that uterine discharge flows out. The discharge from the genital tract is muco-bloody / brown or purulent, with an intense odor.
  • closed- the cervix is ​​closed, secretions accumulate inside the uterus, and there is no way out. This form is more dangerous to he alth and is associated with an increased severity of clinical symptoms, complications occur more frequently.

Ropomacicze: symptoms

Apart from the characteristic form of an open discharge from the genital tract, the other symptoms are not specific. As symptoms are observed:

  • lack of appetite
  • apathy
  • increased thirst and urination
  • vomiting
  • sometimes diarrhea
  • expansion of the abdominal wall (with significant enlargement of the uterus)

Ropomacicze: he alth effects

Serious complications can develop as a result of long-term untreated pyrethraxia: sepsis, endotoxemia (poisoning with bacterial toxins) and peritonitis (as a result of rupture of the swollen uterus wall and pouring of purulent contents into the abdominal cavity).

Ropomacicze: diagnosis / research

  1. USG- in case of suspicion of a pyomyeloma, ultrasound examination is the method of choice. It allows you to assess the size and content of the uterus.
  2. X-ray- enlarged uterus will be visible only when it is significantly enlarged. If the uterus is not wider than the intestinal loops around it, the x-ray will show no enlargement.
  3. Laboratory tests:
  • morphology:in the initial stage of the disease there is an increase in the level of neutrophilia. With a long-lasting inflammatory process, the level of neutrophilia is lowered. Ropomaciczia may be accompanied by anemia.
  • biochemistry:an increase in the parameters of ALP, ALT (associated with endotoxemia), urea andcreatinine (associated with dehydration and the deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys), and sometimes the level of total protein increases as well.

Treatment methods for ropomatosis

1. Surgical treatment of pyrethra- involves the removal of the ovaries and the uterus with its contents. It is the treatment of choice, whether the cervix is ​​unobstructed or not. The advantage of surgical treatment over the pharmacological method is the fact that it is also a way to avoid recurrence of the disease in subsequent cycles.

Of course, when deciding on the procedure, you should take into account the risk of anesthesia. This applies especially to bitches weakened by disease, dehydrated, and with impaired functioning of other organs. In such cases, the patient should be stabilized by intensive fluid therapy (drip), supporting the functions of the liver / kidneys, administration of antipyretic drugs.

2. Pharmacological- this method is selected in bitches in relatively good condition, appropriate reproductive age, most often in breeding bitches who have not experienced an increase in renal parameters and whose cervix is ​​open.

Using this method with a closed cervix may be effective, but carries a high risk of uterine rupture and leakage of pus into the abdominal cavity. It should also be added that a female dog after pharmacological treatment should be mated in the next cycle in order to become pregnant. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatment does not guarantee that the disease will not recur in subsequent cycles.

Adjunctive therapy should be used with both treatment options: antibiotic therapy, fluid therapy and combating complications.

Worth knowing

Ropomacicze and contraception

Ropomacicze is a serious disease that threatens the dog's life. Therefore, if we do not want to breed our bitch, it is best to sterilize her prophylactically in order to avoid the development of pyomatosis at a later age.

You should be aware that when pyomyositis develops, the procedure must be performed immediately and is associated with a much greater risk (than when it is performed prophylactically in a he althy dog.)

It is also worth knowing that the use of hormonal contraception predisposes to the development of pyoma.

About the authorEwa Korycka-Grzegorczyk, a veterinarian

A graduate of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. She has experience in the treatment of companion animals, with particular emphasis on dermatology, cytology and infectious diseases. She gained professional experience in clinics in Lublin and Łódź. Currently working inveterinary clinic in Pabianice. He constantly deepens his skills by participating in courses and conferences.

Privately, a cat lover and owner of a beautiful, red Maine-Coon named Felin.

Bibliography:

1. S. Zduńczyk, T. Janowski,Breeding disorders of dogs and cats , Olsztyn 2007.

2. B.L. Hamm, J. Dennis,Ropomacicze in females. Methods of early diagnosis of the disease , "Weterynaria po Diplie", No. 03/2013.

3. B.L. Hamm, J. Dennis,Surgical and pharmacological methods of diagnosing pyomucocytes in female dogs , "Weterynaria po Dyplomie", No. 03/2013.

4. A. Dubiel, W. Niżański, A. Wasecki,Infertility of bitches[in:] Reproduction of dogs, ed. A. Dubiel, Wrocław 2004.

Read more at Se.pl/dolinazwierzat

Help the development of the site, sharing the article with friends!

Category:

Pets