Boletus is colloquially a mushroom. Thanks to their taste qualities, porcini mushrooms have become the most popular and desired mushrooms in Polish cuisine. Porcini mushroom sauce is the perfect addition to many traditional meat dishes. However, not everyone knows how many varieties the so-called real. Check out the varieties of porcini mushrooms and how to recognize edible and poisonous porcini mushrooms.

Boletus (boletus)are one of the most desirable mushrooms in Polish cuisine. Many people go to the forest to buy boletus at the turn of summer and fall. However, during the harvest you have to be especially careful, because in the forest you can find twokindsporcini mushrooms -edible porcini mushroomsandpoisonous porcini mushrooms . The former give the dishes expressiveness and aroma.Cakes,apart from their taste, is also a source of many valuable nutrients, e.g. vitamins A, B1 and B2. In turn, eating inedible porcini mushrooms can lead to serious poisoning, and even death.

EDIBLE MUSHROOMS

1.Boletus edulis( Boletus edulis )

Boletus edulis, otherwise known as a real oak mushroom. This type of boletus is most often found in coniferous (spruce) and mixed forests. Less common in deciduous forests. The greatest rash of these mushrooms occurs in September, October and November.

The core of the boletus usually reaches a length of up to 20 cm and a width of approx. 1.5 - 6 cm. In young boletus it is barrel-shaped and later becomes cylindrical. At the bottom it is white with a felt structure, and from the middle up - light brown with a delicate white mesh. The cap of the boletus is semicircular, fluffy and smooth. In young mushrooms it is almost white and then dark brown. The spore rash of Boletus Edulis is olive-brown in color.

Boletus edulis has flesh:

  • white (slightly brown under the hat skin)
  • hard
  • compact
  • firm
  • does not change color after cutting

The possibility of confusing a boletus with another mushroom is small. It has no poisonous doubles. By oversight, you can pick up another mushroom from the boletus group or boletus instead in the forest. In the latter case,if we do not discover the mistake in time, we can spoil the taste of the whole dish. This is due to the intense, bitter bitter taste that is not edible. So, to be sure, try a small amount of the pulp of the hat before adding each boletus mushroom to your food to make sure it is tasty and good to eat.

Noble boletus in Poland is considered one of the tastiest mushrooms. It can be prepared in many ways, e.g. marinated in vinegar. If we dry the slices properly, they will not be dark brown, but creamy. In this form, they are a very aromatic addition to meats.

2. Ceglastopora boletus (boletus erythropus)

This type of boletus prefers acidic soils, and avoids calcareous ones. It is often found in the mountains. It can be found in spruce or mixed forests (beech / fir / spruce), in swamps or in deciduous forests. Its rash begins in mid-May and lasts until October. The core of the brick-leaved boletus usually reaches a length of 15 cm and a width of about 6 cm. In young boletus it is ventral-bulbous, later becoming cylindrical. It is yellow with scaly red villi covering it. The hat of the brick-red boletus in young mushrooms is semicircular, later it becomes cushy, flattened. The color of the spores of the brick red boletus is olive-brown. Ceglastopory boletus has flesh:

  • yellow (red at the base of the stem)
  • instantly turning dark blue after cutting
  • mild in taste
  • weakly smelling
  • quite wet

The Ceglastopora boletus is sometimes confused with a rare specimen of the boletus Queleta (boletus) with an olive-yellow hat with a red tinge. Ceglastopora boletus, like other edible boletus, can be used in all kinds of mushroom sauces. Also very good for pickling in vinegar.

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3. King boletus ( Boletus regius )

This type of boletus can be found most often in valleys, in deciduous forests. It is usually sheltered under oaks, hornbeams or beech trees. King boletus grows on calcareous soils covered with grass in the period from late May to September. It is a rare specimen in Poland.

The core of the king boletus usually reaches a length of 15 cm and a width of approx. 1.5 - 6 cm. In young boletus it isbarrel-shaped and later becomes club-shaped. It is chrome yellow with a fine white mesh at the top. Brownish-red at the bottom, often with wine stains at the base. After heavy rain followed by contact with the toes, dark blue squares appear on its stem. The hat of the king boletus is convex. It is intensely pink in color, with red, fibrous hyphae visible on its surface. The older he gets, the more he turns pale. The spore discharge of king boletus is olive brown in color.

King boletus has flesh:

  • with a faint odor
  • meaty
  • hard
  • yellow (red at the base)
  • not changing color after cut
  • mild-tasting

The possibility of confusing king boletus with another mushroom is negligible due to its characteristic color. It can be prepared individually, but it also goes very well with other types of mushrooms.

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4. Reticulated boletus ( Boletus reticulatus )

This type of boletus is most often found in beech and oak forests, less often in deciduous forests. It grows singly, never in large groups. The midge boletus has two lichen periods. The first one runs from the second half of May to the end of June, and the second one from the end of August to October. Reticulated boletus is rather difficult to find in Poland.

The core of a reticulated boletus usually reaches a length of 20 - 25 cm and a width of approx. 2 - 7.5 cm. In young orovikas, it is barrel-shaped and later becomes cylindrical. The bottom is white with a felt structure. The rest is a cinnamon brown, milky or slightly gray color and is completely covered with a mesh - white at the top, brown at the bottom. The hat of the reticulated boletus is semicircular, cushion-flattened, dry and dull. In young mushrooms it is gray-fawn and later flesh-brown. The spores of a reticulated boletus are olive brown in color.

The boletus has flesh:

  • whitish (light brown under the skin)
  • thick
  • fleshy / firm
  • strict
  • inside the hat soft
  • mild in taste
  • not discolouring after cutting

The possibility of confusing a reticulated boletus with another mushroom is small. It has no poisonous doubles. Reticulated boletus can be prepared in many ways, but due to the fact that it is a typical summer mushroom and its outer layer is often damaged by insect larvae, after cleaning it is usually used forsauces.

5. Dark brown boletus(Boletus aereus)

This type of boletus is most often found in deciduous forests. It grows singly, usually under oaks. It is more abundant (even in groups) in warm areas, under chestnuts. Its rash occurs in June, July, August and September.

The stem of a dark brown boletus usually reaches a length of 12 cm and a width of about 2 - 4 cm. In young boletus it is barrel-shaped and later becomes cylindrical. It is intensely brown in color (but slightly paler than the hat). There is a white mesh at the top, and a brown mesh at the bottom. The hat of the dark brown boletus in the young fruiting body is suede, in the mature one - bald and cushy. Sometimes it turns almost black. The dark brown boletus spore discharge is olive brown in color.

Dark brown boletus has flesh:

  • firm
  • strict
  • does not change color after cutting
  • hard
  • white
  • with a delicate mushroom scent
Worth knowing

There is a possibility of confusing the dark brown boletus with the brown boletus. However, it differs from him because it has a mesh on its shaft. Additionally, its flesh often turns blue. Such a mistake is not dangerous, because the classic brown bolete is also a tasty, edible mushroom.

The taste of dark brown boletus is particularly appreciated, so it does not have to be only an addition to the dish. A handful of these mushrooms fried in butter can be a nutritious, complete dish.

6. Attachment boletus or yellow-brown boletus ( Boletus appendiculatus )

It most often grows singly in deciduous forests, mainly in limestone areas around the growth of beech and oak. The largest rash of this type of boletus occurs in the months from June to September.

Its shaft is 15 cm long and 1.5 - 5 cm wide. In young boletus it is barrel-shaped and later becomes cylindrical. At the base, sharpened - in the shape of a cone. It has a bright yellow color at the bottom to red and brown with a fine white mesh. It turns brown in old mushrooms. The attachment boletus hat is yellow-red and smooth, but changes its structure with age. The spore discharge is olive brown in color.

Attachment boletus has flesh:

  • with a faint odor
  • purple with hat
  • hard
  • thick-fleshy
  • yellow (brown or pink at the base)

Possible confusionthis boletus with another mushroom is negligible, thanks to its characteristic colors. Attachment boletus is recommended for mushroom soup such as broth. The dried petals of this mushroom retain their intense yellow color, so they can also be used to decorate meat dishes.

7. Birch boletus ( Boletus betulicola )

Birch boletus most often occurs in deciduous forests. The greatest rash of these mushrooms occurs in July, August and September.

The core of the birch boletus usually reaches a length of 12 cm and a width of approx. 1.5 - 4 cm. In young birch mushrooms, it is bulbous-thickened at the base and bulbous, and later becomes cylindrical. It is usually white in color. The hat is semicircular, outspread and smooth. In shades of beige and white. The spore discharge of boletus boletus is olive-brown in color.

Birch boletus has flesh:

  • white (slightly gray-green under the hat skin)
  • strict
  • mild in taste

The possibility of confusing a boletus boletus with another fungus is small. It has no poisonous doubles. By oversight, instead of it, you can pick up another fungus from the boletus group in the forest: the reticulated boletus. It won't be a big mistake as this one is also a tasty, edible mushroom. In the past, boletus growing under birch trees had their own separate names. Today, taxonomic findings allow the name of the boletus boletus to be used as a synonym for the boletus.

Smaller boletus boletus can be preserved in brine, breaded or dried whole. Larger specimens can be used for any kind of pasta or as an ingredient in risottos.

8. Boletus (Boletus luridus)

This type of boletus is most often found in deciduous and mixed forests. It appears from July to August in calcareous soils. Polish forests are not particularly rich in boletus.

The stem of the boletus is initially bulged, then more or less bent. Usually it is up to 20 cm long and 1.5 - 5 cm wide. Its yellow shade is covered with a red convex mesh. The cap of the boletus in young mushrooms is semicircular, later becomes cushy, very rarely flattened. It is olive-brown or leather-yellow. The spore rash of boletus boletus is olive-brown in color.

Gloomy boletus has flesh:

  • hard
  • wearing a yellow hat
  • at the bottom of the shaft red
  • weakly smelling
  • mild in taste
  • very purple after cutting

Possible confusionBlack boletus with the brick-red boletus (boletus erythropus. However, these two mushrooms belong to the thick boletus and are edible and tasty.

Boletus can be used after drying as an element enriching the aroma of bigos.

9. Pine boletus ( Boletus pinophilus )

This type of boletus is most often found near pine, or spruce or beech. It is especially abundant in the mountains. Its greatest rash occurs at the turn of May and July and later in the autumn months. It is a rare specimen in Poland.

The shaft of the pine boletus is very thick and hard. It is covered with a mesh in the color of dirty yellow. The pine boletus hat has a smooth, suede surface. It gets sticky when wet. In young mushrooms it is white, later it becomes dark yellow. The pine boletus spore discharge is yellow-green in color.

Pine boletus has flesh:

  • white (slightly red under the skin)
  • mild in taste

The possibility of confusing king boletus with another mushroom is negligible due to its distinctive appearance. It can be prepared individually, but it also goes very well with other types of mushrooms.

POISONOUS MUSHROOMS

1. Satanic boletus(Boletus satanas)

It occurs on slopes covered with beech and oak forests from July to October.

The core of the boletus usually reaches a length of 12 cm and a width of about 10 cm, and is bulbous. In young boletus it is almost completely circular. It is yellow in color and is covered with a blood-red, clear mesh. This mushroom is often wider than taller. The hat of the boletus mushroom is semicircular at first, then cushioned. In young mushrooms it is grayish-white, then slightly green. The spores of the Boletus mushroom are olive-colored.

The boletus has flesh:

  • white, yellow or light ocher
  • slightly bluish after breaking
  • rarely dyed red
  • weakly smelling in young mushrooms
  • carcass-smelling in old mushrooms

There is a possibility of confusing the boletus with other mushrooms, e.g. purple boletus, brick-leaved boletus or the boletus.

2. Root boletus ( Boletus radicans)

This boletus grows on calcareous or neutral soils, in dry and warm places. He likes deciduous forests. It is not found high in the mountains. Its greatest rashcovers the period from July to October.

The core of the root boletus usually reaches a length of 12 cm and a width of approx. 8 cm. It is bulbous. In young boletus it is almost completely circular. Later it takes cylindrical-extended shapes. It is yellow-lemon in color, and gray-brown at the base. The cap of the root boletus is initially semicircular, cushioned, later it is flatter. Its rind is white with brown-gray streaks. The spores of the Boletus mushroom are olive-colored.

Root boletus has flesh:

  • lemon-yellow (whitish over the tubes)
  • weak smelling
  • bitter taste (don't try!)
  • taking on a delicate blue color after incision

It is possible to confuse the root boletus with the large-cap boletus.

3. Purple boletus(Boletus rhondoxanthus)

It occurs on slopes covered with beech and oak forests from July to October. Likes a warm climate.

The stem of the purple boletus usually reaches a length of up to 20 cm and a width of about 6 cm, and is ventrally bulbous in young mushrooms. Later it takes on a cylindrical shape with a pointed base. It is completely covered with a red mesh. The cap of the purple boletus is semicircular at first, then cushy. In young mushrooms it is white-brown, then dirty yellow-brown in color. The spores of purple boletus are olive green.

Purple boletus has flesh:

  • hard in a hat
  • soft shaft
  • with a vivid lemon color
  • slightly bluish (reddening at the base)
  • weak smelling
  • mild in taste

There is a possibility of confusing the purple boletus with the satanic boletus. Two of these mushrooms are highly poisonous.

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