Dyslexia means that at school they are usually accused of laziness, punished with lower grades, and constantly criticized. Meanwhile, dyslexics need professional help. They cannot read fluently, they even make a few spelling mistakes in one sentence. Dyslexic children confuse similar-sounding words and similar-looking letters and write like "hen's claw".

Dyslexiau Janka became known in kindergarten. The boy who knew very often was better than his peers, clever and outspoken, he could hardly read, wrote badly and could not distinguish some letters. The teacher, seeing the symptoms of dyslexiain the child , advised the parents to go to a psychologist with him. Not all dyslexic children are as lucky as Janek. Not all are having specific reading and writing difficulties early enough to correct future learning difficulties. Dyslexic therapists believe that in each class there is at least one student who needs the help of a specialist. Without it, he may become neurotic and become discouraged from learning.

Dyslexia - a defect in the genes

Opinions about the causes of dyslexia are divided. One of the concepts is about the possibility of inheriting this defect (genes responsible for its occurrence have recently been located), another - about microdamage to brain cells that may have occurred during pregnancy or childbirth. This is probably why children who score less than 7 on the Apgar scale at birth are often dyslexic. Still other hypotheses assume that the cause of the defect lies in hormonal disorders, and more specifically in the overproduction of testosterone in the prenatal period. The cause of dyslexia may also be developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system or the lack of dominance of one of the cerebral hemispheres.

Dyslexia: the most important early diagnosis

The sooner you notice that your child has writing or reading difficulties, the easier it will be to help him. Unfortunately, there is no one simple test that can accurately determine whether a student is dyslexic or not. Therefore, a lot depends on the perceptiveness of parents and teachers. If they notice that science causes unusual problems for the child - it is better not to ignore it and visit a specialist at the nearest psychological and pedagogical counseling center, branch of the Polish Society ofDyslexia or mental he alth clinics for children and adolescents. If tests assessing the child's general intellectual ability and tests, incl. pediatric, ophthalmic, ENT and speech therapy will not show any malformations, we are probably dealing with dyslexia. The specialist then recommends appropriate exercises that are performed under the supervision of the therapist and at home (parents are trained). They usually take the form of games and activities, so they are not tiring for the child. A toddler suspected of dyslexia at the latest one year before the start of kindergarten should see a psychologist. It happens that a specialist suggests that the dyslexic toddler should go to school later. It is worth taking this suggestion seriously, because additional months of intensive therapy may help him to match his peers' skills.

Important

Specialists distinguish several types of reading and writing disorders. They can appear separately or be combined.

Dyslexia- difficulties in reading fluently, often combined with problems in writing.Hyperdyslexia- inability to read with comprehension, despite having mastered the technique of reading.Dysorthography- difficulties in mastering the correct spelling (spelling).Dysgrafia- problems with calligraphy, i.e. ugly handwriting, hard to read.

Dyslexia certificate required

Unfortunately, it happens that despite the therapy, a child is still in trouble. School failures are also experienced by students whose dyslexia is diagnosed only during their studies. To help them continue their education without stress, parents should obtain a special certificate confirming the existence of the defect and informing the school that the child is attending special re-education classes. Certificates are issued by psychological and pedagogical counseling centers (also non-public ones recommended by PTD). On their basis, the school is to treat dyslexia in a special way: not to evaluate works from the Polish language for spelling or punctuation errors, to give more time to rewrite the text from the blackboard or book, to read the text with understanding or to take tests. During the exams, the teacher should read the instruction twice aloud, and the committee should allow more time to write the thesis. Re-education classes for dyslexics are conducted individually or in small groups (2 - 3 people). They are organized by schools or psychological and pedagogical counseling centers. It is also very important that parents join the re-education process by practicing with their children at home. It is difficult to say how long such therapy lasts. Some children need it to deal with a problemless, others much more time. It is the therapist who will decide when it is possible to stop the class. Properly managed dyslexics easily graduate from school, and often also from higher education.

Dyslexia: Signs Not To Be Ignored

  • Little baby: does not crawl, starts walking late, starts talking late, builds sentences wrong.
  • Preschooler: has problems with learning rhymes, his drawings are not very detailed, he confuses his right and left hand, cannot fasten buttons.
  • Kindergarten child: has problems with reading, differentiating similar sounds (e.g. f-w, p-b), breaking words into syllables, remembering lines, time orientation.
  • A student of the first grades of primary school: has problems with building longer statements, when reading confused letters of a similar shape (e.g. a-o, m-n, b-d, g-p, n-u, m-w), skips letters while writing them, omits dots, carets or tails, makes grammar and spelling mistakes, writes badly, has trouble learning the multiplication table.
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Genetic diseases