Hemorrhagic cyst is usually asymptomatic and does not require treatment. Pain in the lower abdomen with accompanying nausea and vomiting suggest twisting or rupture of the cyst with evacuation of its contents. Then, surgical intervention is required. How is a hemorrhagic cyst formed?
Hemorrhagic cyst , as well as other cystic changes in the ovary, are relatively common pathologies and usually should not be of concern. In most cases, they require more frequent observation.
To understand the formation of a hemorrhagic cyst, it is necessary to know the menstrual cycle. The maturation of the oocyte begins with the recruitment of the dominant follicle, which then develops into the Graaf follicle. Ovulation is the process of rupturing this follicle, releasing the egg, and it occurs in the middle of the cycle. The follicle capsule remains and undergoes the process of luteinization, i.e. the accumulation of the yellow dye - lutein, which is the result of the enlargement of the granular layer. A hemorrhagic cyst may arise at the stage of the formation of the Graaf vesicle and the corpus luteum. In the first case it isfunctional hemorrhagic cyst , in the secondcorpuscular cyst . Both situations result from very good vascularization of the follicles. Small dishes almost penetrate their light. Unfortunately, they are very brittle and break relatively easily. Then the blood enters the Graaf vesicle or the corpus luteum.
Symptoms of a hemorrhagic cyst
Symptoms related to the presence of a hemorrhagic cyst usually appear only when the cyst itself reaches a significant size, which is the result of increased blood production. The characteristic symptoms include:
- pain in the lower abdomen
- abdominal discomfort, which manifests as nausea and vomiting
- rarely, but you can encounter a rupture of the cyst, which gives positive peritoneal symptoms, i.e. a hard, plank abdomen, more pain when the examiner's hand is removed from the abdominal wall than in the case of the first contact, acceleration of the pulse
Hemorrhagic cyst: treatment
Haemorrhagic cysts often have a silent clinical course, and therefore do not oblige to implement therapeutic measures. In manyin cases, the lesion is absorbed spontaneously. Moreover, the coexistence of a hemorrhagic cyst and a properly developing pregnancy is allowed. What's more, there is no question of a disturbance in the process of fertilization of the egg or embryo implantation in the presence of a hemorrhagic cyst.
Pharmacological treatment should be initiated when the clinical cyst does not disappear during several cycles of observation. Typically, the drug chosen by gynecologists are two-component contraceptive pills, the action of which is to suppress the work of the ovaries, and more specifically, do not occur folliculogenesis. Such behavior does not always mean long-term success, because many women have a tendency to create this type of pathology.
When to operate a hemorrhagic cyst
In exceptional situations, when pharmacological action does not bring any effect, more radical action is taken, and more precisely, the patient is prepared for surgery. Women whose lesions are initially large, above 4 cm, are also qualified, because in this case the risk of rupture is much greater. Due to the growing popularity of the laparoscopic method, this technique is also used in this case. The hemorrhagic cyst is removed and the he althy ovarian tissue remains intact.
The conventional method of opening the abdominal cavity is usually chosen when the cyst ruptures and blood is evacuated to the abdominal cavity, which can cause peritoneal inflammation, which is life-threatening.