Diet after bariatric surgeries is the next stage of treatment in patients who have undergone surgical treatment of obesity. In order for the patient not to regain the weight before the surgery, he should follow the recommendations of the dietitian. Check what the correct diet looks like after bariatric surgeries.

Bariatric surgeriesare extensive surgical procedures performed in obese patients. Their goal is to modify the digestive system to support the weight reduction process. The major changes occur in the stomach and small intestine.

Bariatric surgeries are divided into 3 main types:

  1. Restrictive surgery- involves partial gastrectomy or the creation of a small reservoir in the upper part of the stomach and connecting it to the rest through a narrow passage. These operations include: vertical stitching, placing a brace or band, and the most frequently performed in this type of operation: sleeve (cuff) resection of the stomach.
  2. Shut-off operations- consist in reducing the stomach by stitching it or its partial excision combined with a significant shortening of the passage through the small intestine. This group includes biliary and pancreatic exclusions. One of the major weight loss mechanisms resulting from this surgery is associated with significantly decreased digestive absorption.
  3. Restrictive-shutdown operations- consist in reducing the stomach and turning off a certain section of the gastrointestinal tract. This type of surgery includes gastrointestinal bypass and gastric bypass with loop anastomosis.

Each type of bariatric surgery requires compliance with dietary recommendations after the procedure.Detailed dietary recommendations are different for each type of treatment.Additionally, each patient after bariatric surgery should be covered by broadly understood personalized nutritional and supplementation support - that is, tailored to their individual needs, he alth condition and results research. Here are the main general dietary recommendations for all bariatric patients.

General nutrition after bariatric surgery is divided into several stages. The reported transition time from one stage to the other is not the same for every patient. The pace of transition between stages depends on the condition of the body and its adaptation to changes. That is why dietary care is so important before the surgery, so that the patient can prepare himself as best as possible for the postoperative requirements.

Stage 1 - up to 2 days after the operation

During this time, the patient, apart from drips, receives fluids, which are most often: still mineral water or weak tea. The volume of consumed fluids is 30-50 ml. Breaks between consecutive portions are recommended. It is very important to drink slowly, calmly and in a position that prevents you from swallowing air when consuming liquids.

Stage 2 - up to 2 weeks after surgery

During this time, the patient's stomach and intestines begin to heal, so nutritional drinks are introduced into his diet:

  • drinking yoghurts,
  • mixed soups, clear stocks, broths,
  • unsweetened fruit and vegetable juices diluted with water,
  • skimmed cow or vegetable milk.

Stage 3 - up to 4 weeks after the operation

In this phase, the amount of fluids, the so-called indifferents (water, light tea), and the nutritional fluids can be replaced with soft, moist, high-protein, low-fat products. This is the phase of a mushy diet. The mash should be a thick liquid, with no pieces of solid food. These will be, for example:

  • lean minced meat,
  • potato puree,
  • fish,
  • yogurt,
  • soft fruit and vegetables (skinless),
  • cottage cheese,
  • eggs.

Learning to chew foods and eating them slowly at this stage is important to prevent nausea and vomiting in the future. The portion size depends on the patient's tolerance and the type of surgery performed, but it usually does not exceed 50 grams per 1 time.

Stage 4 - up to 6 weeks after the operation

After exiting a mushy diet, meals should be soft, easy to separate with a fork. New foods are introduced into the patient's nutrition while still paying attention to the way they eat. The first product to be eaten at each meal should be a high-protein product (meat / fish / eggs). All meals should provide a total of about 60-80 grams of protein per day. The diet is introduced into, for example :

  • minced or finely sliced ​​meat,
  • soft, fresh fruit (without peel),
  • cooked vegetables.

Stage 5 - more than 6 weeks after the operation

Switching to meals with solid products depends on the type of surgery performed, the patient's he alth condition and tolerance. Importantis to introduce solid products one at a time, so that the patient can monitor what he feels after meals, what products his body tolerates and which he does not.

The target diet for a bariatric patient is a diet with a restriction of simple sugars and fats, low in calories. You should absolutely remember to chew your meals carefully and to eat slowly.

The number of meals during the day ranges from about 5 (after restrictive operations) to about 8 (after restrictive - excluding operations). The size of the meal also depends on the type of surgery (between 50 and 150 ml at a time). However, it should not be forgotten that the feeling of fullness is always a prerequisite for the end of the meal.

The final patient's daily menu after bariatric surgery should contain:

  • 4-8 servings of high-protein products (meat, fish, dairy),
  • 2-4 servings of vegetables,
  • 2 portions of fruit,
  • 2-3 servings of grain products,
  • 2-4 servings of good vegetable fats.

Diet after bariatric surgery: what to avoid?

After bariatric surgery, avoid foods such as:

  • nuts and seeds,
  • popcorn,
  • dried fruit,
  • granola,
  • crushed or fibrous vegetables, such as celery, broccoli, corn or cabbage,
  • fatty meat, offal,
  • cold cuts with cartilages,
  • bread (especially fresh),
  • mushrooms,
  • fried products,
  • fatty dairy,
  • spicy foods and spices,
  • roux,
  • alcohol and sweets,
  • fast-food dishes.

These foods are typically not well tolerated after bariatric surgery and can cause gastrointestinal problems. It is worth avoiding low-quality, high-calorie products, and combining he althy eating with the general principles of a he althy diet and a he althy lifestyle, an integral part of which is planned physical activity.

Diet after bariatric surgery - fluids

  • liquids should be drunk slowly and only in an amount of 60 to 90 ml,
  • liquids should be taken either 30 minutes before a meal or 30-60 minutes after a meal,
  • consume approx. 2 liters of fluids during the day,
  • you shouldn't drink carbonated drinks or beverages containing sugar and caffeine,
  • fruit juices, due to the large amount of simple sugars, should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1.
Important

Poradnikzdrowie.pl supports safe treatment and a dignified life of people suffering from obesity. This article does not contain discriminatory and stigmatizing contentfor obesity.

Magdalena Gajda A specialist in obesity disease and obesity discrimination of people with diseases. President of the OD-WAGA Foundation of People with Obesity, Social Ombudsman for the Rights of People with Obesity in Poland and a representative of Poland in the European Coalition for People Living with Obesity. By profession - a journalist specializing in he alth issues, as well as a PR, social communication, storytelling and CSR specialist. Privately - obesity since childhood, after bariatric surgery in 2010. Starting weight - 136 kg, current weight - 78 kg.

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Slimming