Primary (essential) hypertension is the most common type of hypertension. Primary arterial hypertension is diagnosed in about 95% of patients. all patients with hypertension. Despite the significant progress and development of research in the field of essential hypertension, sometimes referred to as essential hypertension, the causes leading to its development are not fully understood. Find out what the symptoms of primary hypertension are, how it is treated and how it differs from secondary hypertension.

Primary hypertensionis an increase in blood pressure above the normal range, the causes of whichare unknown. Despite the significant progress and development of research conducted in the field of essential hypertension, sometimes referred to as essential hypertension, the causes leading to its development are not fully explained. patients - arterial hypertension is of a primary nature. In the remaining 5 percent. patients are diagnosed with secondary arterial hypertension, i.e. hypertension, the causes of which are known.

There are two periods of primary hypertension:

  • the period of unstable hypertension, i.e. the period in which there is increased blood pressure, but the degree of its increase shows some fluctuations
  • of persistent hypertension, which we talk about when we deal with constantly increased blood pressure - both systolic and diastolic

Primary arterial hypertension - etiological factors

It is assumed that arterial pressure variability is hereditary (hence primary arterial hypertension is sometimes identified with hereditary or familial), although it is not known which genes are responsible for this variability .¹

Regardless of family circumstances, there are known factors that increase blood pressure and can include behavioral and environmental factors. The currently known etiological factors of primary arterial hypertension are: ¹

  • obesity
  • insulin resistance
  • alcohol abuse
  • eating plenty of table s alt
  • aging of the body
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • stress, especially long-term stress andrepeated
  • lipid disorders
  • low potassium intake
  • low calcium intake
Important

Primary versus secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension is hypertension caused by various diseases, most often obstructive sleep apnea and kidney diseases. In essential hypertension there is no disease that would cause an increase in pressure, its causes are not fully known. In medical terminology, primary (essential) hypertension is defined as elevated blood pressure in a person without renal disease, renal failure, phaeochromocytoma, aldosteronism, or other causes of secondary hypertension or hypertension caused by single genomic (1-gene) mutations.

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Primary hypertension - symptoms

Primary hypertension most often manifests itself between the ages of 30 and 50, and its symptoms are initially not typical - headache, dizziness, fatigue, sleep disturbances.

However, most often for many years it is characterized by an asymptomatic course and does not cause any noticeable ailments. Most often it is diagnosed during an accidental blood pressure measurement or a blood pressure measurement carried out due to the disclosure of another disease.

Primary hypertension - diagnosis

The diagnosis of hypertension requires blood pressure measurements during two consecutive medical visits. According to the definition of arterial hypertension, it is a condition associated with a persistent increase in blood pressure>140 or 90 mmHg. Then, further diagnosis of essential hypertension is necessary. An interview with the patient, blood and urine tests as well as imaging tests are necessary. Worth knowing

Primary arterial hypertension - serious complications

Symptoms of essential hypertension usually appear at an advanced stage of development, accompanied by the development of organ complications:

  • left ventricular hypertrophy
  • acceleration of the development of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels, especially in the carotid, coronary and renal arteries and in the area of ​​the arteries of the lower extremities
  • stroke
  • impaired renal function / development of renal failure
  • acute aortic dissection

Primary hypertension - treatment

All patients with hypertension are advised to lead a he althy lifestyle, i.e. he althy eating (especially limiting s alt intake, increasing the consumption of potassium from vegetables and fruits, avoiding strong coffee or tea),increasing physical activity, reducing alcohol consumption, giving up tobacco.

In addition, the doctor selects drugs that reduce blood pressure individually for the patient, from among 6 available groups of antihypertensive drugs.

See the gallery of 6 photos

Source:

Kośmicki M., Hypertension in patients with ischemic heart disease, "Doctor's Guide" 2001, No. 4

Category:

Cardiology