Basic blood tests are complete blood count and ESR. They are the starting point for distinguishing a he althy person from a sick person. They should be done at least once a year. What are the norms of morphology and ESR? How to interpret the results?
Morphology resultsis a computer printout containing the symbolsblood tests , next to their result and oftennormpointers, usually in the range "from -d". If the result is within these limits, then you're fine. If it is slightly below or above the normal range, it is a signal, but not yet an alarm. The average of the analysis results in 95 percent was adopted as the norm. he althy people. To be sure, it is worth repeating the test, during which there are some irregularities (e.g. we were not fasted or blood samples were stored for too long). The standards given by individual laboratories may differ slightly. In modern laboratories, e.g. the calculation of blood cells is automated, in others it is carried out traditionally under a microscope.
WBC - leukocytes (white blood cells, white cells)
They fight bacteria, parasites, fungi. They are divided into granulocytes, which are the most numerous (GRANU), lymphocytes (LYMPH) and monocytes (MONO). If values are given in the test, it is a blood count with a smear, that is, the percentage of white blood cells.
- Standard: 4000-9000 in cubic millimeters.
- Increased values (leukocytosis) - not always a sign of a disease. They happen in pregnant and puerperal women, in newborns, after considerable physical exertion, severe stress, freezing or strong sunlight. The most common symptoms of inflammation, bacterial infections, mycoses, poisoning, diseases caused by parasites, heart attacks and severe injuries. They can be a consequence of serious diseases of the blood system, e.g. leukemia.
- Reduced values (leukopenia) - occur in very severe infections (e.g. typhoid fever), in some viral infections (measles, rubella), after X-ray irradiation and chemotherapy, as side effects of drugs (certain antibiotics, anti-rheumatic agents, sulfonamides, pyramidone).
How to prepare for a blood test? [TOWIDEO]
RBC - red blood cells (red cells, red cells)
RBC - erythrocytes are oxygen carriers thankshemoglobin.
- Norm: women 4-5.5 million in cubic millimeters, men 4.5-6 million.
HGB - hemoglobin
Binds oxygen and gives the blood a red color.
- Norm: 12-17 g / dl.
HCT - hematocrit
Indicates the percentage by weight of red blood cells in whole blood. It may indicate its excessive thickening or thinning.
- Norm: 35-52%.
Increased values of the three components above indicate heart diseases (including birth defects), chronic lung and kidney diseases, and some cancers.
Reduced values indicate anemia, which can lead to various abnormalities in the body. Additional research needs to be done.
PLT - platelets (thrombocytes, platelets)
They play an important role in the blood clotting process.
- Norm: 140,000-400,000 blood cells per cubic millimeter. Increased values are found in bone marrow tumors, extensive infections, after removal of the spleen, and sometimes after childbirth. Too many platelets can lead to blood clots (after hemorrhages, strokes and surgery). Low values can occur after radio- and chemotherapy, in infections (measles, typhoid, mononucleosis), in diseases of the spleen, as well as due to vitamin B12 deficiency. and folic acid. Too few platelets lead to bleeding.
ESR or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
The doctor cannot make a specific diagnosis based on ESR. It is only a signal that an inflammatory process is taking place in the body that must be located.
- Norm (after 1 hour): women 6-11 mm, after 50 years up to 30 mm; men 3-8 mm, after 50 - up to 20 mm.
Increased values are encountered during pregnancy and after childbirth (then they do not indicate a disease). They also occur in rheumatic diseases, inflammatory processes, tuberculosis, some liver diseases, in myocardial infarction. ESR is very elevated in leukemia and other forms of cancer, and some kidney diseases (nephrotic syndrome). Reduced values are rare, they indicate hyperemia, e.g. in polycythemia vera.