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Neoplastic markers are used to diagnose neoplastic disease. One of them is the prostate antigen (PSA). Every man over 40 should carry out a PSA test, even if he does not feel the slightest discomfort. After the age of 50, they have to be repeated once a year. How is the PSA test done? How to interpret the PSA result?

PSA marker( prostate specific antigen ), which is a specific antigen of the prostate, allows to detect prostate cancer at a very early stage development.The PSA concentration testis performed from a small blood sample - there are no contraindications for it.

PSA: indications for the test

  • over 50
  • difficulty urinating
  • hematuria
  • pain in the perineum and lower abdomen

PSA test: standards

PSA norms change with age, but in general the result should not exceed 4 ng / ml. For men between 40 and 49 years of age, 2.5 ng / ml is the norm. An increase in PSA in the blood is a warning that cancer can develop in the prostate, even if the tumor is so small that it is difficult to detect on a rectal examination.

Elevated DOGS: Causes

  • benign prostatic hyperplasia (most common)
  • rectal examination
  • chronic and acute prostatitis
  • prostate cancer
  • condition after bladder catheterization

Reliability of the PSA test

Unfortunately, the PSA concentration test is not entirely reliable. It turns out that as much as 25 percent. men with normal levels of this protein (less than or equal to 4 ng / ml of blood) suffer from prostate cancer, and more than half of men with elevated PSA levels have a he althy prostate gland. In the diagnosis of the prostate, the doctor usually orders an additional ultrasound and sometimes a prostate biopsy.

Important

Cancer markers , also called neoplastic markers, are chemicals of various structures that are produced in the tissues of our body. There are extremely few of them in he althy people. However, whencancerappears, their level increases sharply. Markers can take the form of antigens, proteins, enzymes, or hormones. They get into the blood and circulate through the body with it.

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