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A proper diet is an important part of the preparation process for bariatric surgery. A patient with obesity is then recommended to switch to a low-calorie diet to reduce body weight and relieve the liver and heart. We advise what products to eat and which to avoid to prepare the body for bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery is a method of treating obesity of the third degree, in which the body mass index (BMI) is 40 and above, and obesity of the second degree (BMI 35 and more), accompanied by diseases that are complications of obesity, e.g. type 2 diabetes , hypertension, osteoarthritis, heart disease and cardiovascular disease.

One of the important phases of preparing a patient for bariatric surgery is the introduction of an appropriate diet. Nutritionists then recommend a low-calorie diet. With obesity of the 2nd and 3rd degree, the patient's liver accumulates such large reserves of glycogen, water and fats that it can significantly increase its size. The larger the liver is, the more difficult it is technically to perform bariatric surgery. The surgeon cannot bypass the large liver and get into the stomach. With an enlarged liver, the risk of perioperative complications also increases. One of the main goals of a low calorie diet before surgery is to reduce the size of the liver.

Are you getting ready for bariatric surgery? Report to a dietitian. It will help you maintain your diet and modify your dietary recommendations.

- A low-calorie diet, however, mainly leads to weight reduction, which improves the functioning of the circulatory system. Furthermore, dietary modifications made prior to bariatric surgery prepare the patient for postoperative nutritional changes. If the patient strictly adheres to the preoperative diet, it is a signal for the bariatric surgeon and dietitian that there is a high probability that he will also adapt to the new rules of nutrition after the procedure. And this will certainly contribute not only to better, but also longer treatment effects - says Agata Gaździńska, PhD, nutrition specialist, psycho-dietician, who prepares obese patients for bariatric surgery.

Diet before bariatric surgery: general recommendations

1. Plan your meals in detail.Eat 4-5 times a day, oregular times, with breaks every 3-4 hours.2. Hydrate your body regularly.The greater your body weight and the more you move, the more fluid you need. Drink min. 2 liters of fluid a day. Preferably clean water. After intense exercise, you can drink water mixed with natural fruit pulp juice (ratio 1: 1 - the same amount of water as juice) and a little s alt. This way, you get a home-made isotonic drink that will keep your body hydrated better. Remember to drink the liquids in small sips every few moments to evenly replenish the water resources in your cells.3. Be physically activeto improve your cardiovascular fitness. Start with short and then longer and longer walks. You will strengthen your condition by practicing cycling, swimming and Nordic walking. These sports will not put a strain on your joints and bones, but will strengthen your muscles.4. Give up alcohol . It stimulates the appetite, is high in calories, overburden the liver and may counteract the effects of a reduction diet.5. Regularly take vitamins and trace elementsrecommended by the surgeon. Remember: obese man does not mean well nourished. Research shows that many obese patients are malnourished. That is, they lack many of the nutrients that keep their bodies working properly, especially vitamin D and vitamin B12, as well as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Before the operation, your surgeon will order tests to check the level of these components in your blood and recommend supplementation.

Read also:Bariatric surgery: check how to introduce new nutrition rules

Important

If you are taking medications for diabetes, consult your diabetologist for dosing in preparation for bariatric surgery. When you lose weight, you need less diabetes medication. Also, be sure to check your blood glucose regularly, which is your blood glucose level, to help prevent hypoglycaemia.

Diet before bariatric surgery: food groups

Reduction diet before bariatric surgery is a low-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and the so-called normoprotein, which means that from 15 to 20 percent. The energy in this diet comes from protein. The caloric value of the diet before bariatric surgery ranges from 800 to 1000 kcal per day.

There are 5 groups of food products in the diet before bariatric surgery. Knowing the food groups and the number of servings for them, you can easily prepare a balanced diet for the preoperative period.

Food groups and servings per day: - carbohydrates - 3 servings - protein - 2 servings - fruit - 2 servings -vegetables - 3 to 5 servings - milk and milk products - 2 servings

Carbohydrates - products for 1 serving:

- 1 medium slice of whole grain bread - 1 whole grain toast with a little butter - 3 tablespoons of wheat bran - 1.5 grain waffle - 3 tablespoons of bran or fruit flakes with fiber - 3 tablespoons of dry oat - 1 pancake - 2 slices of crispbread - 2 tablespoons of cooked rice (brown or wild) - 3 tablespoons of cooked wholemeal noodles - 1 cereal cookie - 2 small oatmeal cookies - 2 biscuits - 0.5 kajzer rolls - 1 small pita or ½ big pita

Protein - products per serving:

- 100 g of lean, cooked meat (veal, poultry, rabbit) - 1 small skinless chicken breast - 2 tablespoons of low-fat cheese for spreading - 4 slices of low-fat cheese - 2/3 pack of low-fat light cottage cheese - 100 g of cooked white fish - 3 tablespoons of tuna in its own sauce - 2 medium-sized eggs (maximum 6 eggs per week) - soft-boiled, hard-boiled, scrambled - 4 tablespoons of cooked peas, lentils, beans or other legumes - 40 g tofu

Fruit - products for 1 serving:

- 1 medium-sized fruit, e.g. apple, peach, pear - 2 small fruit, e.g. plums, mandarins - 1 handful of grapes or berries, e.g. blueberries, raspberries - 1 small glass (150 ml) of juice fruit. In the diet before bariatric surgery, fruit with a low sugar content is recommended, e.g. grapefruit, mandarins, apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, blueberries, blueberries. Avoid grapes, bananas, and cherries.

Vegetables - products for 1 serving:

- 3 heaped tablespoons of cooked vegetables - 1 head of lettuce - 1 large tomato or 7 cherry tomatoes - 1 cup (200 ml) of tomato or other vegetable juice Recommended vegetables in the preoperative diet: broccoli, zucchini, spinach, celery, cucumber, mushrooms, pepper, radish, onion, cabbage, beetroot, eggplant, lettuce, dill, leek, rutabaga, watercress, tomatoes.

Milk and milk products - products for 1 serving:

- 200 ml of skim or semi-skimmed milk (for drinking or as an addition to cereals) - 1 small cup of lean yogurt - 1 small kefir, buttermilk (200 g) - half a pack of lean white cheese (100 g)

Worth knowing

Spicesallowed in the diet before bariatric surgery include: pepper, fresh or dried herbs, mustard, curry, lemon juice, vinaigrette sauce, apple cider vinegar, fish sauce, soy sauce , vanilla.

Diet before bariatric surgery: day 1 menu

Breakfast : 3 tbsptable-top cereal with milk or 1 slice of whole grain toast with a thin layer of low-fat cheese spreadMorning snack : 1 appleLunch : 100 g lean ham mixed lettuce (unlimited) and 2 egg-sized tomatoesLunch : 100g baked chicken (skinless), any vegetables and 2 tablespoons of cooked riceAfternoon snack: 150 g strawberries or 2 plumsDinner : natural yoghurt

Don't do that

Products not recommended in the diet before bariatric surgery are : - s alt and sugar, sweet and s alty snacks - alcohol - refined flour products: pasta, bread - fast food days - sweet and energy drinks - dried fruit and nuts - oilseeds - hard-to-digest and fried foods, especially in breadcrumbs - fatty meats, offal - ripening and mold cheeses - mayonnaises, fatty sauces, soups - highly processed products - products with a high glycemic index, especially those containing glucose-fructose syrup.

Important

Poradnikzdrowie.pl supports safe treatment and a dignified life of people suffering from obesity. This article does not contain discriminatory and stigmatizing content of people suffering from obesity.

About the authorMagdalena Gajda A specialist in obesity disease and obesity discrimination of people with diseases. President of the OD-WAGA Foundation of People with Obesity, Social Ombudsman for the Rights of People with Obesity in Poland and a representative of Poland in the European Coalition for People Living with Obesity. By profession - a journalist specializing in he alth issues, as well as a PR, social communication, storytelling and CSR specialist. Privately - obesity since childhood, after bariatric surgery in 2010. Starting weight - 136 kg, current weight - 78 kg.

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Obesity