Nystitin is a multifunctional organic chemical compound, classified as polyene antibiotics. Nystatin was discovered in 1950 by Elizabeth Lee Hazen and Rachel Fuller Brown. It was first introduced to the market in 1964. Nystatin has a harmful effect, incl. against fungi of the genus Candida albicans. The drug can only be obtained with a prescription and is available in the form of granules for the preparation of an oral suspension, gastro-resistant tablets, vaginal tablets.
Nystatin - properties and action
- Nystatin works against fungi by damaging their cell membranes. This is due to the binding of nystatin to fungal cell membrane sterols (ergosterol), as a result of which there are changes in the arrangement of the sterols and membrane phospholipids, which leads to a disturbance of the protective function of the fungal cell membrane.
- Nystatin reduces glucose uptake by altering cell permeability without significantly affecting hexokinase. Both endogenous respiration and indirect glucose metabolism are accelerated and reversed from constructive assimilation. The consequence is that Candida cells quickly use up their food reserves against depleted supply and are unable to use the inaccessible high-energy reservoir of metaphosphate for further maintenance.
- Both cell growth and multiplication are inhibited. Pores and tubules form in the membrane, through which cell components flow out, which disrupts metabolic processes and cell death.
Nystatin - application
Nystatin has been used as a fungicide and fungistatic agent.
Nystatin works against fungi such as:
- Candida spp.
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidioides immitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Rhodotula spp.
Nystatin - composition
Nystatin suspension:the active substance is nystatin. 1 ml of the reconstituted suspension contains 100,000 IU. nystatin; excipients: propyl parahydroxybenzoate, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, benzoic acid, sodium citrate, pectin, vanillin, sodium saccharin,sucrose.
Nystatin tablets:the active substance is nystatin (100,000 IU / tablet); excipients: rice starch, lactose monohydrate, ethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate.
Nystatin - indications
Nystatin is recommended in the treatment of:
- vaginal mycosis
- mycoses of the vulva
- mycoses of the gastrointestinal tract, including oral thrush, such as gingivitis, tongue thrush, oral candidiasis, labial candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis.
- prophylactic in patients treated with high doses of antibiotics or corticosteroids.
Nystatin - contraindications
Nystatin should not be used:
- if you are allergic to nystatin
- if you are allergic to any ingredient of the drug
- if the patient suffers fromsystemic mycosis .
Nystatin - dosage
The drug should be used as described in the patient information leaflet or according to specific guidelines and recommendations of a doctor or pharmacist. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.
Nystatin is most commonly used:
- by brushing the mouth
- orally
- vaginally.
Nystatin - precautions
The drug should not be used in the treatment of systemic mycoses. Particular care should be taken in patients with renal insufficiency as nystatin may enter the blood in low concentrations.
Nystatin - side effects
Nystatin's side effects include :
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- allergic reactions such as rash, hives
- very rarely reported Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS syndrome).
Nystatin - interactions with other drugs and diseases
In order to avoid undesirable ailments, inform the doctor or pharmacist about all drugs currently or recently used, as well as about drugs that the patient is going to use. You should also inform your doctor about your current he alth condition, about any diseases or additional conditions you are struggling with.
Nystatin - pregnancy and breastfeeding
Before taking the drug, inform your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. There are no clinical data available onwhether nystatin may cause fetal harmorwhether nystatin has the ability to pass into breast milk .
Nystatin - drug storage
The drug should be stored ina suitable place that is invisible and inaccessible to children. Store in a dry place at a temperature of 2 ° C- 8 ° C, in the original packaging and out of direct sunlight. The drug should not be used after the expiry date stated on the package. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.