The NEO PI-R personality inventory measures the five dimensions (domains) of personality and its individual components (traits). This allows for a detailed description of the personality of a given person, which consists of five domain scales and 30 component scales.

In the 1990s, there were NEO-PI scales that measured Neuroticism (N), Extroversion (E) and Openness (O). Two components that are included in the current NEO PI-R Personality Inventory are not included. It is Agreeableness (U) and Conscientiousness (S). The NEO PI-R has proven itself in both clinical and research applications, measuring the traits of a normal personality.

Personality questionnaires

Personality questionnaires are used in clinical psychology, counseling, psychiatry and psychotherapy. An example is a situation in which a patient comes to the clinic in order to obtain advice or information on a given topic.

The psychologist can then make a quick analysis and recognize the patient's permanent predispositions, which in turn facilitates self-recognition of the person reporting the problem. In clinical work or psychiatry, emphasis is placed on diagnosing the psychopathology of a given patient.

NEO PI-R is not able to diagnose the patient's profile, but it can help to hypothesize it . In the psychotherapeutic process, it can help in choosing the right form of therapy or facilitate contact in the psychotherapist-patient relationship.

However, this questionnaire is not always applicable, e.g. in the case of patients with psychotic symptoms and in the advanced stage of the disease. Research to date shows that, nevertheless, the NEO PI-R can be applied to a wide variety of disorders, such as drug addiction, sex offenders tested by forensic psychologists, and behavioral medicine patients.

Five domains of the personality structure model

The human personality can be described in five dimensions. These include:

Neuroticism (N)

The basic feature of thedomain Nis a tendency to experience negative affects, such as:

  • anxiety,
  • sadness,
  • anger,
  • guilt,
  • constraint
  • and disgust.

Neurotic people are characterized by:

  • irrational way of thinking,
  • worsecontrol over your impulses,
  • reduced ability to deal with stress.

Patients diagnosed as suffering from neurosis usually score higher in measures of neuroticism. However, this scale is not a measure of psychopathology. It is used to measure undisturbed personality. People with lower scores on the N scale are calm, emotionally balanced, and coping well with stress.

Extroversion (E)

One of the hallmarks of this domain is sociability. These are people who like crowds and people. They are characterized by:

  • conversation,
  • assertiveness
  • and a lot of activity.

Their disposition belongs to the bright ones. They are optimistic about life, they seek stimulation.

Openness to experience (O)

This is one of the most important dimensions of thepersonality. It is characterized by:

  • aesthetic sensitivity,
  • focusing on internal experiences,
  • cognitive curiosity
  • whether the evaluation is independent.

This is the most researched and most comprehensive domain of personality. Open people are interested in both the inner and outer world.

In contrast to closed people, they strongly experience positive and negative emotions.

People with low O scores are usually conservative, with suppressed emotional responses. Many psychologists believe that openness is a he althier trait than closeness.

Agreeing (U)

U is characterized by altruistic people who are willing to sacrifice and help others. If they are less agreeable, they are reluctant to agree, self-centered and distrustful.

None of the extremes of this dimension has a direct impact on mental he alth. An example is a skeptical person who analyzes reality more accurately.

Conscientiousness (S)

Many theories of personality, including the psychodynamic approach, deal with impulse control. The concept of self-control refers to the active process of planning, organizing and carrying out tasks. Individual differences in this respect create a dimension called Conscientiousness.

A conscientious person has a strong will and determination. It proceeds in a goal-oriented manner. On the negative side, it can be too demanding.

Ingredients of Neuroticism

  • N1: Fear.These are people prone to worry, anxious and timid.
  • N2: Aggressive hostility:It is a tendency to feel anger, frustration or bitterness.
  • N3: Depressiveness:This scale measures the tendency to fall intodepressed mood. People with this tendency often feel guilty, sad or hopeless.
  • N4: Excessive self-criticism:At the basis of this feature lies a sense of shame and embarrassment. These people are afraid of being ridiculed and easily feel inferior.
  • N5: Impulsivity:It means the inability to control emotions and impulses. Desires such as food, cigarettes and material goods.
  • N6: Hypersensitivity:These people cannot cope with stress. They rely on others and panic in difficult situations.

Ingredients of Extroversion

  • E1: Cordiality:It has the greatest importance for interpersonal closeness. They are warm and kind people. They easily become attached to others, feeling genuine sympathy at the same time.
  • E2: Sociability:It is a preference for the company of others over solitude.
  • E3: Assertiveness:It is characterized by dominant and effective people. They include leadership in the group.
  • E4: Activity:These are energetic people, in need of constant concern for something. People with low scores on this scale have less vigor.
  • E5: Sensation seeking:People with high scores seek continuous stimulation and strong sensations. People with low scores aren't looking for sensations. They lead a rather quiet life.
  • E6: Positive emotions:it is a tendency to experience positive emotions (joy, satisfaction, love). They are happy, smiling people with a positive attitude to life.

Ingredients of Openness to Experience

  • O1: Imagination:These are people with vivid imaginations and extensive fantasy. They have the need to create an interesting inner world.
  • O2: Aesthetics:They are people who are sensitive to different kinds of art. With low results, they are insensitive to art and not very interested in it.
  • O3: Feelings:It is giving your own feelings an important role. These people experience more varied emotional states than people with a low emotional dimension.
  • O4: Actions:It is a readiness to experiment with various forms of activity. (cuisine, travel, sports).
  • O5: Ideas:It is an active implementation of intellectual behavior. Openness to ideas does not have to correlate with high intelligence, but it may favor the development of intellectual potential.
  • O6: Values:It is a readiness to revise the current social, political or religious values.

Settlement Components

  • U1: Trust:Peoplehigh scorers on this scale believe by nature that others are honest and well-meaning. In turn, people with low scores are skeptical and cynical.
  • U2: Straightforwardness:High scores show truthfulness, sincerity and honesty. Low scorers are willing to manipulate others with their wits and cheating.
  • U3: Altruism:High achievers actively care for others. They are generous and ready to help. Low scores characterize people who are self-centered and less willing to get involved in someone else's problems.
  • U4: Subversive:People with high scores give way to others without showing aggression, they are able to forgive. Low results indicate aggression, willingness to compete rather than cooperate.
  • U5: Modesty:These are humble people, avoiding publicity and modest. Low scores on this scale indicate arrogance and conceit.
  • U6: Affectionate tendency:This scale measures your ability to be compassionate and care for others. High scorers are sensitive to the needs of others. Low scores on this scale indicate less sensitivity to others. These are people with a cool calculation.

Components of Conscientiousness

  • S1: Competence:It is a sense of ability, reason, prudence and efficiency. Of all the S domain components scales, competence correlates most strongly with self-esteem.
  • S2: Tendency to Order:High Scores are orderly and well organized. Low results on this scale prove the non-systematic nature and lower ability to organize.
  • S3: Duty:High scores testify to the strong ethical standards that they recognize and to the scrupulous fulfillment of moral obligations. Low scorers are less strict about their lives.
  • S4: Striving for achievement:High results indicate a high level of aspiration. They are diligent and persistent people. Low scorers have no ambition and live aimlessly.
  • S5: Self-discipline:This term denotes the ability to start a task and complete it. High scores show your ability to be motivated. In turn people with low results postpone everything for later.
  • S6: Caution:Otherwise, the tendency to think carefully before starting any action. High scores indicate caution and prudence. On the other hand, low scores characterize people who are impulsive and often begin to speak or act without thinking.
  • Personality: what does it depend on?Personality theories
  • Personality disorders - types and treatments of personality disorders

Category:

Psychology