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Polyps in the nose are less dangerous than polyps in the larynx. They can only permanently change the timbre of the voice, lead to problems with distinguishing smells and possibly to deformation of the nose. Laryngeal polyps, on the other hand, often become malignant, so they should be removed as soon as possible. What are the reasons for their formation? What are the symptoms? What is their treatment?

Nasal polypsandof the larynxare soft, lumpy formations that grow out of a mucosa that is altered by inflammation. Nasal polyps are usually located at the opening of the sinuses to the nose and as it grows larger, they deform. In turn, polyps of the larynx are usually located on one side of the larynx, on the vocal cords.

Polyps in the nose and larynx - causes

The causes of nasal and laryngeal polyps are not yet fully understood, but the risk factors for their development are known.

The factors contributing to the formation of nasal polyps include chronic inflammatory processes of the nasal mucosa and sinuses. In addition, they often develop in people suffering from bronchial asthma, people with cystic fibrosis and a weakened immune system. Nasal polyps may also appear in chronic rhinitis in patients with allergies. Any irritants, such as cigarettes or chemicals, are also a risk factor. Nasal polyps may also be a symptom of intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (most often aspirin). A rare cause of their development is the genetically determined syndrome of immobile cilia.

In turn, polyps of the larynx are often formed in people who work with their voice, e.g. teachers or singers. Then the polyps are the result of overloading the vocal folds. Irritating substances - mainly tobacco, also play an important role in the process of their formation.

Polyps in the nose and larynx - symptoms

  • a watery or purulent runny nose that runs down the back of the throat
  • it is difficult to breathe freely, so the person often breathes through the mouth
  • there are problems with distinguishing smells, some may even lose their sense of smell completely
  • the timbre of the voice may change - it is not very sonorous and low (the patient "speaks through his nose")
  • sleep apnea (snoring) is common
  • the nose is distorted - it stopsget very wide

Additionally, inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, such as bronchitis, may develop. On the other hand, in children, nasal polyps may be conducive to frequent otitis media.

In the case of laryngeal polyps, the throat feels dry and there is an obstacle in it. Hoarseness also develops, which gradually increases until the sick voice is lost. In addition, shortness of breath may appear.

Polyps in the nose and larynx - diagnosis

In the case of polyps in the nose, ENT examination is performed using a special nasal speculum.

When polyps are suspected in the larynx, a strobe examination of the larynx is performed. The doctor introduces a strobe into the previously anesthetized throat - a device emitting intermittent light. During the examination, the patient's larynx and vocal folds appear on the monitor screen at high magnification.

Both in the examination of nasal and laryngeal polyps, fibroscopy can be used - an examination performed with the use of a very small endoscope (fiberscope), which allows you to magnify the nasopharyngeal cavity. Imaging tests, e.g. computed tomography, are also helpful.

Polyps in the nose and larynx - treatment

Pharmacological treatment (usually topical corticosteroids) usually does not bring the expected results, therefore nasal polyps need to be removed surgically. This is done duringendoscopic polypectomy . After the procedure, inhalations and rinsing the nose with a saline solution are recommended. Corticosteroids are also used to reduce the risk of the polyps returning.

In turn, polyps in the larynx, regardless of their type and size, should be surgically removed because they tend to become malignant. Their excision is also performed endoscopically. For 10 days after the procedure, the vocal cords should be spared as much as possible. In the case of hoarseness or dryness of the larynx, syrups with a moisturizing effect should be used. You should also limit the consumption of strong coffee, black and green tea (these drinks can aggravate dryness of the larynx), avoid foods and drinks that are hot or cold (irritate the mucosa). It is inadvisable to drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes. The humidity and temperature of the air in the room where you stay are also important - it should not be higher than 21 degrees C.

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ENT