- Research for diabetics. List of important studies for adult diabetics
- Research for diabetics. List of tests for children and adolescents with diabetes
- Diabetes complications
Do you have diabetes? We publish a list of 12 tests that every diabetic should regularly perform. Thanks to these tests, it is possible to monitor the course of diabetes and prevent its development, and thus - serious complications. Check what tests should be performed by adult diabetics, and what tests should be performed by children and adolescents struggling with this disease.
A person suffering fromdiabetesshould regularly perform appropriatetests . In addition to the basic test, i.e. blood sugar testing, there are many other important tests that need to be performed. They allow you to monitor the course of diabetes and prevent its development, and thus - serious complications of diabetes.
These tests are slightly different for children and adults and should be performed at different intervals depending on the age. In addition, both in children, adolescents (and their caregivers) and in adult patients, dietary and therapeutic education is important, which should take place during each visit. The patient should also receive psychological care.
Research for diabetics. List of important studies for adult diabetics
Due to the serious complications of diabetes, you should do it regularly:
| HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin test) | twice a year, and if diabetes is unstable - every three months |
| Creatinine in blood serum | once a year (in the case of type 1 diabetes, after 5 years of disease) |
| Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triglycerides | once a year, more often in the presence of dyslipidemia |
| Urinary albumin excretion (albuminuria) | once a year in patients not treated with ACE inhibitors or AT1 receptor antagonists |
| Blood pressure measurement | at each visit to the doctor |
| Ophthalmological examination | annually or as recommended by an ophthalmologist¹ |
| Resting ECG | once a year in people over 35 |
| exercise ECG | every two years for people aged 35 and over |
| Examination of the arteries of the lower extremities using the Doppler method | once every two years for people over 35 |
| Neurological examination with assessmentfeeling of vibration | once or twice a year |
| Urine general examination | once or twice a year |
| Foot examination | at each visit to the doctor |
¹ The fundus examination with dilated pupils in patients with type 1 diabetes is performed after 5 years. In patients with type 2 diabetes - from the diagnosis of the disease
Research for diabetics. List of tests for children and adolescents with diabetes
| Anti-GAD antibodies and 2 of the following: ICA, IA2, IAA1, ZnT8 | in the diagnosis and assessment of the diagnosis¹ |
| HbA1c | 3-4 times a year |
| Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, serum triglycerides |
a) in the case of a burdened family interview - monitor every year from the moment of becoming ill b) In the absence of load - assess at diagnosis if LDL<100 mg/dl ( 100 mg/dl (>2.6 mmol / l) - annually c) In the absence of history, evaluate at diagnosis, if LDL<100 mg/dl ( 100 mg/dl (>2.6 mmol / l) - every 2 years |
| Creatinine in blood serum |
When diagnosing a disease, then: a) in children from 11 years of age with a 2-year duration of the disease, and from 9 years of age with a 5-year duration of illness once a year b) in younger children, after each 3-year period of illness |
| Urinary albumin excretion (albuminuria) |
When diagnosing a disease, then: a) in children from 11 years of age with a 2-year-old, and from the age of 9 with 5-year disease duration once a year b) in younger children, after each 3-year period of illness Abnormal albuminuria result should be confirmed by testing 2 of 3 consecutive urine tests |
| Urine general examination | once a year |
| Blood pressure | at each visit, at children<7. r.ż. przynajmniej 2 razy w roku |
| Ophthalmological examination | every 1-2 years, depending on the doctor's decision |
| Weight and height monitoring | at each visit by age and gender-specific percentile grids |
| Monitoring maturation according to the Tanner scale | according to the doctor's decision, at least once a year |
| Menstruation monitoring | menstrual calendar |
| Celiac screening | according to the ESPGHN guidelines for diagnosing celiac disease, in the absence of symptoms, screening for the first 10 years of the disease every 1-2 years |
| Function assessment / diagnosis of thyroid diseases | at the time of illness: TSH, Ft4, anti-TPO and anti-TG (USGin the case of positive antibodies and / or hypothyroidism), then every 1-2 years (depending on the indications): TSH and anti-TPO (in children<7 r.ż. + anty TG) |
Only when diagnosing the disease, in the first 5 days after starting insulin therapy.
Source: Clinical recommendations for the management of diabetics 2014, "Diabetologia Kliniczna" 2014, vol. 3, Polish Diabetology Society
Diabetes complications
Complications of diabetes are related, among others, to with the functioning of the circulatory system: can lead to stroke, heart attack and lower limb ischemia. What are the other possible complications of diabetes? This question is answered by prof. dr. hab. n. med. Grzegorz Dzida from the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin.